一．Mississippi River (p9)
The system of the gulf: the Mississippi River: A. the longest ,the most important river
B. 6262 kilometers long from Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico C. “father of waters” or “old man river”
D. its tributaries form an important inland navigation and irrigation system
E. It is of the greatest rivers in the world.
F. It has many tributaries, among which the Missouri and the Ohio are two of its largest ones.
二．New England(p18)
A. New England consists of six states: Maine, New Hampshire Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut B. New England is Featured with mountains, valleys and rivers. C. Industries:
a. not a farming area due to the poor soil. Most New Englanders, are working in factories today
b. good at making watches & clocks, shoes & clothing, leather goods & tools for industry
c. fishing center: advantageous location and some of the best fishing waters
D Massachusetts has the largest population and is the most important one
E. Boston, the capital, is a leading port, and financial and cultural center
F. Rhode Island is the smallest state in size and the most densely populated state of the U.S.A.
三．Wall Street(p35)
? ? ?
It is America’s financial nerve center.
It is the symbol of American monopoly capitalism. New York Stock Exchange is across the street.
? The world famous New York Stock Exchange is diagonally across the street.
? It is the nation’s largest organized market for stocks and bonds.
四．The Declaration of Independence
1. Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” called on the people to take up arms to fight for independence.
2. On July 4th, 1776, The Declaration of Independence was passed, and July 4th became the National Day. 3. Importance of the Declaration: A. Encouraged the struggling people B. Far-reaching influence in world history 4.Results
A. They were beginning to show more interests in a common cause
B. They must go ahead to win their independence by war
五．The American War of Independence(p66)
1. The beginning of the war A. Time: 1775-1783
B. At beginning the advantages seemed to be in the England’s side.
C. The colonies were fighting a just war, so their morale was high. D. A big advantage for colonies was that they were 7000 miles away from Britain 2. The war in the North
A. Early in the summer of 1776, the powerful navy gave England command of the sea.
B. The battle of Trenton on Dec. 26th, this victory raised the spirits of the colonies, and fresh troops began to come in.
C. The last large battle in the north took place near Monmouth on June 28th, 1778. America got a strong fort on the Hudson River.
3. The turning point of the War
A fierce battle took place in Saratoga in 1777 Significance:
A. It saved New York State and the whole England.
B. The British plan of separating New England from other states failed.
C. It made possible for the Americans to make a treaty of alliance with France 4. Help from France A. Two agreements:
a. France would take part in the war against England. b. The U.S.A. and France agreed to trade. B. Importance:
a. It gave England a heavy blow.
b. Spain and Holland joined France, so England could not send reinforcement to America. c. It brought a quick end to the war.
5. The War in the West A. Causes:
a. In 1777, the Western pioneers started attacking the British. b. In the spring of 1778, they made a surprise attack upon the British fort.
c. In Feb. 1779, the British Commander at Detroit was captured. B. Importance:
a. Many Indians who attacked Americans became more peaceful. b. It checked the activities of the British among the Indians. c. It gave America a claim on the territory between the Appalachian Range and the Mississippi River. 6. The War in the South
A. The British plan to end the war in the South went well at first. B. Congress sent General Greene, who made a wonderful move and defeated the British.
C. Washington moved troops southward with French soldiers and fleet.
D. On Oct. 19th, 1781, Cornwallis surrendered, which was the real end of the war.
E. On Sep. 3rd, 1783, the Treaty of Paris: the territory of America was granted as west as the Mississippi River and extending from Florida to Canada. 7. Significance of the war
A. A new republic emerged and it marked a new beginning of American history.
B. It tells the world that a just cause will win while the evil cause will certainly lose.
C. It encouraged the people in the colonies ruled by the Spanish and promoted the national liberation struggle of the other colonies in the world.
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