Healthy food
1.balance vt.平衡；权衡balance n．天平；平衡。
①In order to balance their trade, they would have to buy less goods in the United States. 为了平衡贸易，他们将不得不减少在美国购货。
②The judge balanced the contention of both parties and made the final decision. 法官权衡了双方的论点后做出了最终裁决。 常见含balance的短语有：
(1)keep balance 保持平衡 (2)lose balance 失去平衡 (3)out of balance 失去平衡 ①In what way is a laboratory balance different from a balance found in a store? 实验室的天平与商店里的秤在什么方面有所不同？ ②The boy lost balance and fell to the ground. 那个孩子失去了平衡，摔倒在地上。
2．limit vt.(与to连用)限制；限定 n．限制；限定；边界；界限 ●用法拓展
without limit无限地 within limits适度地；有限度地
①Our holidays are limited to two weeks.我们的假期被限制在两个星期。
⑤His right as a policeman went beyond the limit.他的作为超过了警察的职权。 limitation n．限制；局限；缺陷limited adj.有限的limitless adj.无限的，无限制的 We must try and ________ our expenditure, for our money is running out. A．use B．save C．limit D．get 答案：C 3．diet n．&vi.日常饮食；节食
The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. 中国的饮食被认为是世界上最健康的饮食。
People who are on a diet mustn't have chocolate. 正在节食的人不能吃巧克力。 ●用法拓展
go on a diet节食 a vegetable/meat diet素/肉食 balanced diet均衡饮食mixed diet混合膳食
diet与food
diet指的是习惯的食物或规定的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物。如： The doctor has ordered me a special diet.医生给我安排了特殊的饮食。
The girl is on a special________to lose________weight and I hope she can succeed. A．diet；/ B．food；/ C．diet；her D．food；her 答案：A 4．combine vi.&vt.(使)结合；(使)联合
The two small shops combined to make a large one.这两个小店合并起来成为一个大商店。
be combined with与……结合着combine education with recreation寓教于乐 combined adj.结合的，联合的 5．prepare vt.准备；制作
Our physics teacher was preparing the lessons when I came into the office. 我进办公室时，我们的物理老师在备课。
Mother was preparing dinner in the kitchen while father was watching TV. 妈妈在做饭，而爸爸在看电视。 They prepared to have a get-together during the summer holiday.
他们决定暑假聚会。 ●用法拓展
prepare sb. sth.＝prepare.sth.for sb.给……准备……
The secretary worked late into the night，preparing a speech for the manager.
秘书工作到深夜，给经理准备一个讲话稿。
Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。
We are getting things together in preparation for the journey.我们在收拾东西准备旅行。 ①John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could________his grand surprise for the party.
A．prepare B．prepare for C．prepare with D．prepare at ②—Are you busy now?
—Yes，I am busy________the coming exam.
A．to prepare B．preparing C．to prepare for D．preparing for 答案：①A ②D
6．benefit n．好处；益处
The new railway will be a great benefit to the people living here. 新建的铁路将给住在这里的人带来好处。
I want to buy the dictionary because it is of much benefit to me. 我想买这本字典，因为对我大有益处。 ●用法拓展
He told me that he benefited from daily exercise.他告诉我他受益于每天的锻炼。
①The doctor asked him to translate the book into Chinese so that it can________more disabled people in China.
A．benefit B．benefit from C．benefit in D．benefit with ②—It snowed heavily last night.
—So it did.I think the wheat will________it.
A．benefit B．benefit from C．benefit in D．benefit with 答案：①A ②B
8．consult vt.&vi.请教；向……咨询；与人商量；查阅 I suggest you________your doctor________your stomachache. A．consulting；about B．consult；with C．consulting；with D．consult；about
答案：D suggest后跟从句时需用虚拟语气，所以排除A、C两项；consult sb. about sth.意为“关于某事请教某人”，所以D项正确。
重点短语
1.in debt欠债
This young couple is always in debt because they never consider their incomes before buying something.这对年轻夫妇总是负债，因为他们在买东西时从不考虑自己的收入。
2．before long不久以后
It looks as if it will rain before long.看起来一会儿就要下雨了。 I hope to write to you before long.我希望不久就能给你写信。 before long与long before
long before是“很久以前”的意思。单独使用，一般用在过去完成时的句子里。 She said she had seen the film long before.她说她很久以前就看过这部电影。 3．have sb. doing sth. 听任某人/某物……
It is not a good idea to have the machine running all the time.让机器不停地运转不是个好主意。
I won't have you doing that kind of thing again.我决不允许你再做那样的事情。 ●用法拓展
have sth. done请人做某事；遭受 have sb. do sth.让某人做某事 have sth. to do有事情要做
When Mary's brother was riding a bike in the street，he had his arm hurt. 玛丽的弟弟在街上骑车时胳膊受了伤。
Tom broke the school rules and the teacher had him stand outside the classroom. 汤姆违反了学校的规章制度，老师让他站在教室外面。
①People living near the airports often have their windows________by the noise of the planes passing overhead.
A．break B．broke C．breaking D．broken
②How funny your friend is！He had us________all through the meal. A．laugh B．to laugh C．laughed D．laughing 答案：①D ②D
4．cut down砍倒(树木)；砍伐；削减；删节；使降价 He cut down a tree with an axe.他用斧头把树砍倒。
The doctor told me to cut down smoking.医生要我减少吸烟。 I managed to cut the shopkeeper down to $100 for the sweater. 我跟店主杀价，终于把这件毛衣降到100美元。 单项填空
The government has announced plans to ________ defence(防卫) spending by 10% next year.
A．turn up B．cut down C．turn down D．turn up 答案：B 5．earn one's living 谋生
Everyone has to try to earn his living when he grows up.每个人长大后都得自食其力。 She earns her living as a writer.她靠写作维持生计。 His father earns a living by driving.他父亲靠开车谋生。 ●用法拓展
make a/one's living谋生
What do you do for a living？＝What is your job?你靠什么生活？ Most people in the city ________ by working in the car factory.
A．make a life B．earn their livingC．have their living D．make their livings 答案：B
6．tired of sb./sth. 对……厌倦
I'm tired of your conversation.你的讲话我听腻了。
Students will get tired of listening to so much explanation of grammatical rules in class. 课堂上语法规则讲得太多，学生们会感到厌倦的。
The man finally got ________ sitting in an office all day, and longed for a more active life.
A．interested in B．tired of C．pleased at D．satisfied with 答案：B
7．get away with(不用被动语态)不因某事受惩罚；偷携某物潜逃；受到(较轻的惩罚) ①If you cheat in the exam you'll never get away with it.考试作弊必予追究。
②For such a serious offence he was lucky to get away with a fine.他犯了那么严重的过失，却侥幸只交罚款了事。
8．lose weight减肥；体重减轻
Why don't you give up sweets to lose weight?你为什么不放弃吃甜食来减少体重？
●特别提醒
lose weight的反义词组是put on weight“增加体重”。
重点句式
1.What could have happened? 发生了什么事？ ●用法拓展
could have happened在此处表示对过去情况的一种推测。could表示可能性，常用于否定句或疑问句中，表示推测。
—He couldn't have gone far—his coat is still here.他不可能走太远，他的外套还在这儿呢。
He couldn't have caught the 9：20 train because he didn't leave home till 9：25. 他肯定赶不上九点二十的那趟列车，因为他九点二十五分才离开家。 ●注意
(1)在肯定句中表示对过去情况的推测时，不用此结构，而是用must have done。如： Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.要是李昌不像往常那样到他餐馆里吃饭，那问题一定很严重了。
It is wet outside on the ground.It must have rained last night.外面地上很湿，昨天晚上肯定下雨了。
(2)could have done还有“本来能够做”的意思，表示实际并没有去做这件事，只是一种假设或者虚拟的语气。如：
He paid for a seat when he could have entered for free.他本来可以免费进场，但是他还是买了票。
单项填空
①It________have been more than six years old when the accident happened. A．shouldn't B．couldn't C．mustn't D．needn't
②Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon.She________in her classroom. A．should have been B．must have been C．must be D．should be 答案：①B ②B
3．Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. 王鹏坐在他那空荡荡的餐馆里，感到十分沮丧。
●用法拓展 feeling very frustrated是现在分词短语作伴随状语。 分词作状语的基本原则：
(1)分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
(2)分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能用分词作状语。
①He sat at the table reading China Daily.他坐在桌子旁边看《中国日报》。 ②Laughing and talking, they went into the room.他们有说有笑地走进房间。 ●用法拓展
单个分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可以由连词when或者while引出。一般来说，如果分词所表示的动作与主句谓语动作(几乎)同时发生，或发生于主句谓语动词之后，通常用分词的一般式；如果分词所表示的动作发生于主句谓语动词之前，通常用分词的完成式。
①Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there.从窗户望出去，我看见几个学生在那儿玩。
③Given more time, we could have done it better.如果多给我们些时间，我们会做得更好。
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