? 动词的时态(Tense) ? 动词的语态(Voice)
? 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)
? 非谓语动词(动名词Gerund,不定式infinitive,分词Participles) Tense
? The simple present; the present progressive; ? The simple past; the past progressive
? The present perfect; the present perfect progressive ? The past perfect; the past perfect progressive ? The simple future; the future progressive ? The future perfect; the future perfect progressive ? The past future
简单/一般现在时
一般用法:表经常或习惯做的事;长期或固定的状态; 按常理应存在或现在仍然存在的情况;讨论书本电影的内容;讲故事,做说明,或现场报道.
特殊:
1. 在here comes, there goes结构中现在时表将来: Look, here comes your sister! There goes the last bus. 2.客观真理
I learned in my primary school that the Earth goes around the Sun.
现在进行时
? 一般用法:说话时正进行的动作,近期发展趋势或正进行的变化,刚发生的暂时的非永久性的习惯动作 ? 特殊:
? 1.表将来,计划安排好要做的事(静态动词不用进行时)
I’m leaving at noon tomorrow.
2.与频度副词always, constantly, continually, forever等连用,表令人不满或烦恼的事.在这个意义上,静态动词也可有现在进行时.
It’s always raining.
You are always seeing something strange. I’m continually forgetting people’s names.
3. 有些动词既有静态意义又有非静态意义,用作后者时可用现在进行时.
You appear to have made a mistake.
She is appearing in a new play. I’m having some problems.
I have a new car.
4. be及个别静态动词有时也用现在进行时表一时的情况.
Don’t talk rot. I’m being serious.
别胡扯了,我是说正经的.
He’s being silly.
他这是一时犯傻.
Are you forgetting your manners?
你是不是没有礼貌了?
一般过去时和过去进行时
1.used to表过去经常…,但would也有这样的用法,也可以表过去经常或重复发生的情况.
We used to/ would take the train to work every morning. 2. 过去进行时只表示短暂的动作或情况,如果是谈论长久的情况,用简单过去
时. It happened while I was living in Paris. 这事发生时,我正住在巴黎.
He lived in Paris during his last years. 他晚年住在巴黎.
现在完成时和现在完成进行时
? 为强调不久前刚发生的事情持续到现在,可用现在完成进行时.现在完成进行时通常用来表示短暂的动作或情况.谈到长久的情况时,一般用现在完成时就可以了.
? They have been waiting outside for two hours. ? National productivity has been declining.
? I have been working hard all day.
过去完成时和过去完成进行时
1.如果两件事情或两个动作紧连着, 前一个动作可以不必用过去完成时. She stopped talking when she saw me.
她看见我就不说话了.
2.过去完成时只有在叙述过去的事情中,需要追述到更早的一件事的时候才使用.如果按时间顺序叙述一串事实,不必用过去完成时,例如： .He said something rude , and I was very upset about it.
3.过去完成进行时用于强调过去特定时间之前发生的事情存在了一段时间或一直持续着.也可表示较先发生的一个持续动作. I had been expecting some change.
Her eyes were red because she had been crying.
简单将来时和将来进行时
1.简单将来时表预测或打算.
2.将来进行时表已决定的,肯定会发生的事,常与表将来时间的状语连用.强调某事将来正在进行或表未来某种暂时性的安排.其疑问句是在提出请求时探问对方是否方便.
Don’t call me after 7, because I will be studying at the library.
Will you be using the car tomorrow?
2. 如果是指不确定的时间,将来进行时与简单将来时没有多大差别
Don’t get impatient. She will be coming/ will come soon.
别着急,她就要到了.
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