B.
The study was conducted by a team of international researchers. Their focus was on a pollutant known as PM2.5. Its size, approximately 140th the width of a human hair, makes it particularly dangerous because it is readily inhaled and small enough to spread through the body via the blood. This can cause damage to the lungs if PM2.5 is being breathed in regularly.
The current experiment involved subjects being exposed to clean air and a placebo(安慰剂)to record baseline responses. They were given the placebo for four weeks, then exposed through a face mask to air from a highly polluted area in downtown Toronto. The researchers measured methylation (甲基化) changes to DNA; the damage increased in each participant. However, in the repeated experiment, when the volunteers were given a vitamin supplement containing 1 milligram of vitamin B12, 50 mg of vitamin B6, and 2.5 mg of folic acid daily for four weeks, it reduced the damage to the DNA by a range of 28 to 76 percent.
The results indicate how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight the armful effects of PM2.5. However, researchers stressed that research was in its early stages. Future studies, especially in heavily polluted areas, are urgently needed and they'll finally develop preventive measures using B vitamins to prevent the health effects of air pollution.
12. What does the underlined word \ A. breathed B. smelt C. approached D. discovered
13. How does the author introduce the current experiment? A. By analyzing causes B. By giving examples C. By making comparisons D. By describing effects
14. What can we learn about the researchers in the last paragraph? A. They warned people of heavy pollution.
B. They regretted not using enough volunteers C. they'll soon find more ways to test B vitamins D. they'll confirm the findings in highly polluted areas 15. What can be the best title of the text? A. PM2.5 Is Most Deadly B. Vitamin B Benefits People Most C. Vitamin B Offers Air Pollution Protection D. Air Quality Forecast Is Extremely Important 第二节(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。 Empty nest syndrome(综合症)is a phenomenon in which parents experience feelings of sadness and loss when the last child leaves home. You might find it difficult to suddenly have no children at home who need your care. 16 . If you have only one child, you might have a particularly difficult time adjusting to an empty nest
17 . In the past, research suggested that parents dealing with empty nest syndrome experienced a sense of loss that might make them easy to experience depression, alcoholism and identity crisis. 18 . When the last child leaves home, parents have a new opportunity to improve the quality of their marriage and restart interests for which they previously might not have had time.
If you're experiencing feelings of loss due to empty nest syndrome, take action. 19 . This might be a good time to explore or return to hobbies, leisure activities, or career pursuits.
Many suggest preparing for an empty nest while your children are still living with you. 20 . They may include family vacations, long talks, and taking time off from work to make special memories. Also, make specific plans for the extra money, time, and space that will become available when children are no longer living at home.
A. what's the impact of empty nest syndrome? B. You might also worry about your children's safety. C. What can parents do to deal with empty nest syndrome?
D Make plans with the family while everyone is still under the same roof
E. Social support can be incredibly helpful during times of stress and loneliness
F. For example, time and energy that you directed toward your child can now be spent on different
areas of your life
G. However, recent studies suggest that an empty nest might reduce work and family conflicts, and
provide parents with many other benefits
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分,满分30分）
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Grandma celebrated grandpa's birthday just days before he passed away. Although his 21 was very difficult for her, I think it taught grandma that good health was not to be taken 22 , and she made up her mind to live the rest of her own life as 23 and as long as she could. One day, when she 24 to attend dancing lessons, we rolled our eyes in 25 and helplessly wished she would just stay home and 26 cookies as normal grandmothers did. Many years filled with countless dance lessons passed 27 we learned to appreciate the wonder of having a 28 grandma.
I suppose grandma's primary motivation for dancing was social. She had been a 29 girl, always very tall and heavy, and had married into grandpa's quiet lifestyle before 30 any elegance or confidence in her personal appearance. Dancing, 31 , filled her life with flash lights, wonderful parties, beautiful dresses, and the challenge of learning. 32 the weekly dance lessons did not change her ample, two-hundred-pound figure, grandma 33 everyone with energetic performances on the dance floor, 34 soon gave her as much elegance and confidence as any Miss American competitor.
Having taken dance lessons for years, my grandma learned various dances 35 and was soon participating in dancing 36 all over the Northwest. When I was fourteen, grandma 37 invited me to watch her compete in one of these matches. My attitude was 38 unenthusiastic at that point, but to make her happy, my mother and I attended the match. As if to prove me wrong, grandma made a wonderful showing in every 39 she entered. I thought she was truly the queen of the ball during the dance, and my thoughts were shared by the 40 a short time later when she was awarded a gold cup for her outstanding performance.
21. A. suffering 22. A. for sure 23. A. fully
B. birthday B. for fun
C. health.
D. death D. seriously D. carefully D. managed D. anger D. keep D. before D. selfless D. mean D. falling
D. on the other hand D. Although D. confused D. it D. awkwardly D. matches D. surprisingly D. fairly D. event D. audiences
C. for granted C. pitifully C. refused
B. peacefully B. announced B. excitement B. bake B. since
24. A. pretended 25. A. agreement 26. A. sell
C. embarrassment C. buy C. unless C. caring
27. A. until 28. A. loving
B. dancing B. shy B. losing
29. A. humorous 30. A. managing 31. A. at most 32. A. Once
C. determined C. developing C. in a word C. Because C. surprised C. which C. hardly
B. to be honest B. Since
33. A. persuaded 34. A. what 35. A. easily
B. satisfied B. that
B. cautiously B. trainings B. increasingly B. even B. point
36. A. performances 37. A. unwillingly 38. A. hardly 39. A. incident 40. A. judges
C. practice C. proudly C. still C. room C. dancers
B. competitors
第II卷
注意：讲答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I was a lovely child with a loving family. I was not a follower 41 a leader in school. I was enthusiastic about life. At age twelve, my life had a breakdown. It was then 42 . I developed OCD(强迫症). I was no longer the happy girl. I started taking medicine. In fact, the medicine did help. But I was still 43 (constant)sad and I started to believe that my life no longer had meaning. I decided
suicide(自杀)was the 44 (solve). Suddenly, my eyes 45 (fall) on a photograph. It was a little girl 46 (wear)a carefree smile.
It took me a few minutes 47 (realize) who the girl in the photo was. I even couldn't believe that smiling child was me! It seemed my younger self had sent me a message right then and there I knew I couldn’t kill 48 (I). Once I had been a strong girl, and I had to be like that again. I swore I wouldn’t only rely 49 my medicine. I would fight the depression with my mind, too.
It's been two years since I recovered. I learned a lifelong lesson: Never give up Life is 50 (challenge), but everyone can survive. I am living proof of that. 第四部分 写作（共两节,满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分,满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I'm happy to share you my journey to London. During the journey, I visited some places of interest,
some of that made a deep impression on me. I went to two famous concerts, which reduced me stress and made me relaxing. Then I watched various football match. In addition, I enjoyed deliciously local food. Meanwhile, I made some new friends. In a conclusion, I experienced British culture but this broadened my eyes.
Spring was the best season to visit Beijing. Would you like to visit it? I’m looking forward to meet you in Beijing.第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华,你的外教Mr. Pick回国前向你推荐了 American School Life站, 希望你借此提高英语水平。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件,告诉他你的收获,要点如下：
1.表达思念； 2.上收获；
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