三、写作意图题
(2019·天津，D)
WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman
？
Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning
andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotiveshedeterminestowriteabook.
Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes德
》
)
，．
andthebookwasDonQuixote(
《
堂
吉
诃：，，，
Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion
whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdayswhileothersgotoseedlongbefore?
We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.
Mostofus
，
infact
，
progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.Butifwearewillingtolearn，theopportunitiesareeverywhere.
Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease
，，
somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.
Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm
，
wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However，
wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我)，whethertolovedones，tofellowhumans，towork，ortosomemoralconcept.
Manyofusequate(
视
……
等
同
于
)
“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck
，
orrunningastore—maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They’velearnedlife’smostvaluablelesson.
语篇解读 本文从西班牙文学巨匠塞万提斯讲起，告诉我们不论身处哪个年龄阶段，只要有目标，并且愿意学习，就可能取得成功。 51．ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat. A．lossoffreedomstimulatesone’screativity B．ageisnotabarriertoachievingone’sgoal C．miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate D．disabilitycannotstopaman’spursuitofsuccess 答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，塞万提斯成年后生活坎坷，但他决心写一本书，结果这本书畅销了350多年，有些人直到生命的最后时刻都在发现新的活力和创意。由此可推知，作者以塞万提斯的故事开头是为了告诉我们年龄不是实现目标的障碍。 52．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean? A．Endone’sstruggleforliberty. B．Wasteone’senergytakingrisks. C．Misstheopportunitytosucceed. D．Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning. 答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。根据语境并结合画线短语所在句可知，人们在还没到达人生的终点之前就失去了继续学习的兴趣。故选D项。 53．WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4? A．Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped. B．Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead. C．Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind. D．Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind. 答案 C
解析 推理判断题。通读第四段可知，该段是说我们中大多数人总是减少自己生活的多样性，困在自己的专业领域，没有什么能给我们带来惊喜，但是只要我们愿意学，到处都是机会。
据此可推知，机会青睐有求知欲的人。
54．WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5? A．Atoughmancantoleratesuffering. B．Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity. C．Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim. D．Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife. 答案 D
解析 推理判断题。通读第五段可知，该段说到我们成熟之后学会忍受自己改变不了的事，学会避免自我哀怜；知道有些人是我们无论怎么做都讨好不了的，而这种想法最初会困扰我们，但最终我们会感到释然。由此可知，作者在第五段想告诉我们应该学会用合适的方式对待生活，因此选D。
55．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage? A．Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife. B．Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork. C．Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning. D．Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer. 答案 A
解析 写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文通过塞万提斯的经历告诉我们要让自己成年的生活充满意义。
一、题型解读
各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题。设问形式常有： 1．整篇文章的写作目的/意图：
(1)Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto. (2)Thepurposeofthetextisto.
(3)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
(4)Thewriterofthestorywants/intendstotellusthat. 2．某处细节的写作目的/意图：
(1)Thewriteruses...inthefirstparagraphto. (2)Thewriterusestheexampleof...to.
(3)Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto. 二、解题技巧 1．文体特点推意图
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