We will continue to improve the company's internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication \o constantly perfect ERP, and BFS++, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS++, and ERP, and SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure \To strengthening Humanities care, continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. o strengthen risk management, ensure that the business of \d business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity. o further standardize trading, and strive to achieve \ding to law, standardize and fair.\nce management, to ensure that potential employees \o fly\o strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. o further quantify and refine employee standards ... Work, full play party, and branch, and members in \se\n the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model role; to continues to strengthening \good\dership construction, full play levels cadres in enterprise development in the综合练习题
一.填空题
1、互换性生产的手段与措施是 公差与检测 ，其基础是 标准化。 2、优先数系采用 等比 数列，基本数系的公比 qr=101/r，规定r= 5,10,20,40。 3、利用同一加工方法，加工φ50H7孔和φ100H7孔，两孔的加工难易程度 相同 ；加工φ50H7孔和φ100H6孔，两孔的加工难易程度 不同 。
4、某孔、轴配合，最大间隙Xmax=+23μm ， 配合公差Tf =30μm ， 则此配合应为 过渡配合 。
5、位置度公差带相对于基准的方向和位置是 确定的 。
6、一零件表面切削加工要求轮廓最大高度为6.3μm,在零件图上标注为 Ry6.3粗糙度 。
7、滚动轴承内圈与轴颈配合采用 基孔 制, 若内径公差为10μm，与其配合的轴颈公差为13μm。 若要求最大过盈Ymax=―8μm,则该轴的上偏差为 -2 μm，下偏差为 -15μm。
8、GB1144—87 《矩形花键 尺寸、公差和检验》规定其配合的定心方式为 直径定心 ，配合尺寸有 大径 、 小径 、 键宽 。 9．实行专业化协作生产采用 互换性 原则。
10．GB/T321-1980规定 十进制 数列作为优先数系；R5系列中的优先数，每增加 5 个数，则数值增加10倍。
11．零件几何要求的允许误差称为 几何量公差 ，简称 公差 。
12．尺寸公差带具有 大小 和 位置 两个特性。尺寸公差带的大小，由 公差值 决定；尺寸公差带的位置由 极限偏差 决定。 13．实际尺寸是通过 测量 得到的尺寸，但它并不一定是被测尺寸的真实大小。 14．配合公差带具有 大小 和 位置 两个特性。配合公差带的大小，由 配合公差值 决定；配合公差带的位置由 极限间隙或极限过盈 决定。 15．为了以尽可能少的标准公差带形成最多种标准配合，国家标准规定了两种配合制，即 基孔制 和 基轴制 。
16．位置公差可分为：定向公差 、定位公差 和跳动公差 三类。 17．跳动公差分为 圆跳动公差和全跳动公差两种。
18.基准制的选择应优先选用基孔制 ，基轴制 只有在同标准件配合或结构上的特殊要求等情况下选用。
19.测量误差按性质可分为系统误差 、随机误差 和粗大误差；按本身因次（单位）可分为绝对误差和相对误差 。
20.位置公差中，基准的三种类型是 单一基准 、 组合基准 和三基面体系。基准代号由基准符号 、圆圈 、连线 和字母组成。
21.定向公差是关联实际被测要素对其具有确定方向 的理想要素的允许变动量。定向公差包括平行度 、垂直度 和倾斜度 。
22.圆跳动是限制一个圆要素的 形状 和 位置 变动量的综合指标，可分为 径向圆跳动 、端面圆跳动和斜向圆跳动。
23.基本尺寸相同的相互结合的孔和轴公差带之间的关系，称为配合。配合性质分为间隙配合、过盈配合和过渡配合三种。
24.计量器具按结构特点可分为量具 、量规 、量仪 和计量装置等四类。
f backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. o conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past oneanother across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happyWe will continue to improve the company's internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication \o constantly perfect ERP, and BFS++, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS++, and ERP, and SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure \To strengthening Humanities care, continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. o strengthen risk management, ensure that the business of \d business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity. o further standardize trading, and strive to achieve \ding to law, standardize and fair.\nce management, to ensure that potential employees \o fly\o strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. o further quantify and refine employee standards ... Work, full play party, and branch, and members in \se\n the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model ole; to continues to strengthening \good\dership construction, full play levels cadres in enterprise development in the25.一个完整的测量过程应包括 被测对象 、 计量单位 、 测量方法 和测量精度等四个方面。测量技术包括 测量 和检验。
26.圆度公差带是同一正截面上半径差为公差值t的两同心圆之间 的区域；平面度公差带是距离为公差值的 两平行平面 的区域。
27.定位公差是关联实际被测要素对其具有确定位置 的理想要素的允许变动量。定位公差包括同轴度 、对称度 和位置度 。
28..若某配合的最大间隙为30μm，孔的下偏差为―11μm,轴的下偏差为―16μm ，轴的公差为16μm，则其配合公差为 41 μm。
29.公差与配合国家标准中，规定的标准公差共有__ 20__个公差等级，即从最高的__IT01___级至最低的___IT18___级。
30.径向滚动轴承内圈的内径公差带规定在零线 以下 且其上偏差为 零 ，这是为了使轴承内圈与轴相配时得到 比较紧 的配合。
二.选择题
1.表面粗糙度代（符）号在图样上应标注在_ABD___ _ 。
A.可见轮廓线上。B.尺寸界线上C.虚线上。D.符号尖端从材料外指向被标注表面。E.符号尖端从材料内指向被标注表面。
2．如图所示尺寸链，封闭环N合格的尺寸有 AB _ 。
A．6.10mm 12 0+0.05 N B．5.90mm
C．5.10mm 8±0.05 D．5.70mm
E．6.20mm 15±0.05 250-0.05 3．不同工作条件下，配合间隙应考虑增加的有 BCD 。
A．有冲击负荷。B．有轴向运动。C．旋转速度增高。D．配合长度增大。E．经常拆卸。
4．如图所示尺寸链，N为封闭环，组成环A1合格的尺寸有 。
A．20.10mm A1 N= 20 -0.25 A2=15±0.05 B．10.00mm C．5.10mm D．5.00mm
E．15.05mm A3=50 -0.50 5．对于尺寸链封闭环的确定，下列论述正确的有 BD 。
A．图样中未注尺寸的那一环。B．在装配过程中最后形成的一环。C．精度最高的那一环。D．在零件加工过程中最后形成的一环。E．尺寸链中需要求解的那一环。
6．下列论述正确的有 BC 。
A．给定方向上的线位置度公差值前应加注符号“Φ”。 B．空间中，点位置度公差值前应加注符号“球Φ”。
f backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. o conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past oneanother across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy+0.05 0 We will continue to improve the company's internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication \o constantly perfect ERP, and BFS++, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS++, and ERP, and SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure \To strengthening Humanities care, continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. o strengthen risk management, ensure that the business of \d business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity. o further standardize trading, and strive to achieve \ding to law, standardize and fair.\nce management, to ensure that potential employees \o fly\o strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. o further quantify and refine employee standards ... Work, full play party, and branch, and members in \se\n the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model role; to continues to strengthening \good\dership construction, full play levels cadres in enterprise development in theC．任意方向上线倾斜度公差值前应加注符号“Φ”。 D．标注斜向圆跳动时，指引线箭头应与轴线垂直。 7.表面粗糙度代（符）号在图样上应标注在_ABD___ _ 。
A． 可见轮廓线上。 B． 尺寸界线上。 C． 虚线上。 D． 符号尖端从材料外
8.下列有关公差等级的论述中，正确的有＿BC＿。
A．公差等级高，则公差带宽。 B．在满足使用要求的前提下，应尽量选用低的公差等级。 C．公差等级的高低，影响公差带的大小，决定配合的精度。 D．孔、轴相配合，均为同级配合。 E．标准规定，标准公差分为18级。 9.属于位置公差的有＿ACD＿。
A．平行度。B．平面度。C．端面全跳动。D．倾斜度。E．圆度。 10．圆柱度公差可以同时控制＿AB＿。
A．圆度。B．素线直线度。C．径向全跳动。D．同轴度。E．轴线对端面的垂直度。
11．对于径向全跳动公差，下列论述正确的有＿BCE＿。
A．属于形状公差。B．属于位置公差。C．属于跳动公差。D．与同轴度公差带形状相同。 E．当径向全跳动误差不超差时，圆柱度误差肯定也不超差。 12．形位公差带形状是半径差为公差值t的两圆柱面之间的区域有＿BD＿。 A．同轴度。B．径向全跳动。C．任意方向直线度。D．圆柱度。E．任意方向垂直度。
13．形位公差带形状是距离为公差值t的两平行平面内区域的有＿ACE＿。 A． 平面度。B．任意方向的线的直线度。
C．给定一个方向的线的倾斜度。
D．任意方向的线的位置度。E．面对面的平行度。
14．对于端面全跳动公差，下列论述正确的有＿BCE＿。
A． 属于形状公差。B．属于位置公差。C．属于跳动公差。D．与平行度控制效
果相同。 E．与端面对轴线的垂直度公差带形状相同。 15.下列公差带形状相同的有＿BD＿。 A． 轴线对轴线的平行度与面对面的平行度。
B．径向圆跳动与圆度。C．同轴度与径向全跳动。D．轴线对面的垂直度与轴线对面的倾斜度。E．轴线的直线度与导轨的直线度 16．表面粗糙度值越小，则零件的＿A＿。
A． 耐磨性好。B．配合精度高。C．抗疲劳强度差．D．传动灵敏性差。E．加工
容易。 17.下列论述正确的有 AE 。
A. 表面粗糙度属于表面微观性质的形状误差。 B．表面粗糙度属于表面宏观性质的形状误差 C．表面粗糙度属于表面波纹度误差。
D．经过磨削加工所得表面比车削加工所得表面的表面粗糙度值大。 E．介于表面宏观形状误差与微观形状误差之间的是波纹度误差。 18．下列论述正确的有( B )。
f backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. o conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past oneanother across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happyWe will continue to improve the company's internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication \o constantly perfect ERP, and BFS++, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS++, and ERP, and SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure \To strengthening Humanities care, continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. o strengthen risk management, ensure that the business of \d business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity. o further standardize trading, and strive to achieve \ding to law, standardize and fair.\nce management, to ensure that potential employees \o fly\o strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. o further quantify and refine employee standards ... Work, full play party, and branch, and members in \se\n the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model ole; to continues to strengthening \good\dership construction, full play levels cadres in enterprise development in theA． 孔的最大实体实效尺寸= Dmax－ 形位公差。 B． 轴的最大实体实效尺寸= dmax＋ 形位公差 C． 轴的最大实体实效尺寸= 实际尺寸＋形位误差．
D．最大实体实效尺寸= 最大实体尺寸。
19．表面粗糙度代（符）号在图样上应标注在( A )。
A．可见轮廓线上。 B．尺寸线上。 C．虚线上。 D．符号尖端从材料内指向被标注表面。 20．下列配合零件，应选用过盈配合的有( A )。
A．需要传递足够大的转矩。 B．可拆联接。 C．有轴向运动。 D．要求定心且常拆卸。
A． 下列测量中属于间接测量的有( B )。
A．用千分尺测外径。 B．用光学比较仪测外径。 C．用游标卡尺测量两孔中心距。 D.用高度尺及内径百分表测量孔的中心高度。
21.表面粗糙度代（符）号在图样上应标注在_ABD___ _ 。
A． 可见轮廓线上。 B． 尺寸界线上。 C． 虚线上。 D． 符号尖端从材料外
三.判断题
1．基本偏差决定公差带的位置。 （ T ）
2．孔的基本偏差即下偏差，轴的基本偏差即上偏差。（ F ）
3．对同一要素既有位置公差要求，又有形状公差要求时，形状公差值应大于位置公差值。（ F ）
4．过渡配合可能具有间隙，也可能具有过盈，因此，过渡配合可能是间隙配合，也可能是过盈配合。（ F ）
5．当组成尺寸链的尺寸较多时，一条尺寸链中封闭环可以有两个或两个以上。（ F ）
6．尺寸链的特点是它具有封闭性和制约性。（ T ）
7．要提高封闭环的精确度，在满足结构功能的前提下，就应尽量简化结构，即应遵循“最短尺寸链原则”。（ T ）
8．配合公差的大小，等于相配合的孔轴公差之和。（ T ） 9．基轴制过渡配合的孔，其下偏差必小于零。（ T ）
10．最小间隙为零的配合与最小过盈等于零的配合，二者实质相同。（ F ） 11．基本偏差决定公差带的位置。 （ T ）
0
12．图样标注φ20-0.021mm的轴，加工得愈靠近基本尺寸就愈精确。（ F ）
+0.021
13．图样标注中Φ20 0mm孔，如果没有标注其圆度公差，那么它的圆度误差值可任意确定。（ F ） 14．过渡配合可能具有间隙，也可能具有过盈，因此，过渡配合可能是间隙配合，也可能是过盈配合。（ F ）
15．当组成尺寸链的尺寸较多时，一条尺寸链中封闭环可以有两个或两个以上。（ F ） 16．（ √ ）为使零件的几何参数具有互换性，必须把零件的加工误差控制在给定的范围内。
f backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. o conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past oneanother across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy
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