We will continue to improve the company's internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication \o constantly perfect ERP, and BFS++, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS++, and ERP, and SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure \To strengthening Humanities care, continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. o strengthen risk management, ensure that the business of \d business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity. o further standardize trading, and strive to achieve \ding to law, standardize and fair.\nce management, to ensure that potential employees \o fly\o strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. o further quantify and refine employee standards ... Work, full play party, and branch, and members in \se\n the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model role; to continues to strengthening \good\dership construction, full play levels cadres in enterprise development in the17．（ × ）公差是零件尺寸允许的最大偏差。 18．（ × ）从制造角度讲，基孔制的特点就是先加工孔，基轴制的特点就是先加工轴。 19．（ √ ）Φ10E7、Φ10E8、Φ10E9三种孔的上偏差各不相同，而下偏差相同。 20．（ × ）有相对运动的配合应选用间隙配合，无相对运动的配合均选用过盈配合。 21．（ × ）若某平面的平面度误差值为0.06mm，则该平面对基准的平行度误差一定小于0.06mm。 22．（ √ ）若某平面对基准的垂直度误差为0.05mm，则该平面的平面度误差一定小于等于0.05mm.。 23．（ × ）只要离基准轴线最远的端面圆跳动不超过公差值，则该端面的端面圆跳动一定合格。 24．（ × ）轴上有一键槽，对称度公差为0.03mm，该键槽实际中心平面对基准轴线的最大偏离量为0.02mm，它是符合要求的。
25．（ ×）跳动公差带不可以综合控制被测要素的位置、方向和形状。 26．（ √ ）为使零件的几何参数具有互换性，必须把零件的加工误差控制在给定的范围内。 27．（ × ）公差是零件尺寸允许的最大偏差。 28．（ × ）从制造角度讲，基孔制的特点就是先加工孔，基轴制的特点就是先加工轴。 29．（ √ ）Φ10E7、Φ10E8、Φ10E9三种孔的上偏差各不相同，而下偏差相同。 30．（ × ）有相对运动的配合应选用间隙配合，无相对运动的配合均选用过盈配合。 31．（ × ）若某平面的平面度误差值为0.06mm，则该平面对基准的平行度误差一定小于0.06mm。 32．（ √ ）若某平面对基准的垂直度误差为0.05mm，则该平面的平面度误差一定小于等于0.05mm.。 33．（ × ）只要离基准轴线最远的端面圆跳动不超过公差值，则该端面的端面圆跳动一定合格。 34．（ × ）轴上有一键槽，对称度公差为0.03mm，该键槽实际中心平面对基准轴线的最大偏离量为0.02mm，它是符合要求的。 35．（ ×）跳动公差带不可以综合控制被测要素的位置、方向和形状。
四.简答题。
1．什么是互换性？互换性按程度分哪几类？它在机械制造业中有何作用？
答：机器在装配或更换零部件时，从大批生产出来的同一规格的零部件中，任意取出一件，不需要做任何选择、附加调整或修配，就能够组装成部件或整机，并且能够达到预定的设计性能和使用要求，这种技术特性叫做互换性。互换性按其程度可分为完全互换性和不完全互换性。 作用：在设计方面，可简化设计程序，缩短设计周期，并便于用计算机辅助设计；在制造方面，可保证优质高效生产；在使用方面，使机器维修方便，可延长机器寿命
f backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. o conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past oneanother across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happyWe will continue to improve the company's internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication \o constantly perfect ERP, and BFS++, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS++, and ERP, and SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure \To strengthening Humanities care, continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. o strengthen risk management, ensure that the business of \d business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity. o further standardize trading, and strive to achieve \ding to law, standardize and fair.\nce management, to ensure that potential employees \o fly\o strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. o further quantify and refine employee standards ... Work, full play party, and branch, and members in \se\n the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model ole; to continues to strengthening \good\dership construction, full play levels cadres in enterprise development in the2．配合分哪几类？各类配合中孔和轴公差带的相对位置有何特点？ 答： 配合分三类：间隙配合、过渡配合和过盈配合。间隙配合中孔的公差带在轴的公差带上方；过盈配合中孔的公差带在轴的公差带下方；过渡配合中孔的公差带和轴的公差带相互重叠。
3．为什么要规定基准制？为什么优先采用基孔制？
答：标准公差带形成最多种的配合，国家标准规定了两种配合基准制：基孔制和基轴制。一般情况下优先选用基孔制配合是考虑中、小尺寸孔常采用定尺寸刀具加工，这样可以减少定尺寸刀具、量具的品种、规格、数量，而大尺寸刀具则考虑习惯、方便，也采用基孔制。
五、计算题
1．如图所示零件，若加工时以I面为基准加工尺寸A1和A2，则A3的尺寸为多少？ 解：根据题意，A3为封闭环，A1为增环，A2为减环。
A3=A1-A2=（50-20）mm=30mm ES3=ES1-ES2=｛0.1-（-0.15）｝mm=+0.25mm EI3=EI1-EI2=（-0.1-0）mm=-0.10mm +0.25
故A3=30 -0.10mm
2．如图所示零件，按图样注出的尺寸A1和A3加工时不易测量，现改为按尺寸A1和A3加工，为了保证原设计要求，试计算A2的基本尺寸和偏差。 A1=50±0.01A3 0A2=20-0,150A3=10-0.360A2A1=50-0.060 解：据题意，按尺寸A1、A2加工，则A3必须为封闭环，A2则为工序尺寸。 A3=A1-A2 A2=A1-A3=（50-10）mm=40mm ES3=ES1-EI2 EI2=ES1-ES3=0-0=0
EI3=EI1-ES2 ES2=EI1-EI3=｛-0.06-（-0.36）｝mm=+0.3mm
+0.30
故A2尺寸为40 0mm。
+0.142 0
3. 设某配合的孔径为φ45 +0.080mm，轴径为φ45 -0.039mm，试分别计算其极限间隙（或过盈）及配合公差，画出其尺寸公差带及配合公差带图。
解：本配合为间隙配合，Xmax=0.142-(-0.039)=0.181,
Xmin=0.080-0=0.080,配合公差Tf=0.181-0.080=0.101.
f backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. o conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past oneanother across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happyWe will continue to improve the company's internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication \o constantly perfect ERP, and BFS++, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS++, and ERP, and SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure \To strengthening Humanities care, continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. o strengthen risk management, ensure that the business of \d business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity. o further standardize trading, and strive to achieve \ding to law, standardize and fair.\nce management, to ensure that potential employees \o fly\o strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. o further quantify and refine employee standards ... Work, full play party, and branch, and members in \se\n the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model role; to continues to strengthening \good\dership construction, full play levels cadres in enterprise development in the尺寸公差图和配合公差图如图所示：
4．如图所示曲轴、连杆和衬套等零件装配图，装配的后要求间隙为N=0.1~0.2 mm,
-0.02
而图样设计时A1=150 0+0。016 mm,A2=A3=75 -0.06 mm,试验算设计图样给定零件的极限尺寸是否合理？ A2A3A1N 解：根据公式校核
N=A1-A2-A3=150-75-75=0
ESN=ES1-EI2-EI3=｛0.016-2×（-0.06）｝mm=+0.136mm EIN=EI1-ES2-ES3=｛0-2×（-0.02）｝mm=+0.04mm 故N范围为0.04～0.136mm，在装配精度要求范围0.1～0.2mm以内，故合理。
+0.100
5. 如图所示为机床部件装配图，求保证间隙N=0.25mm,若给定尺寸A1=250mm，A2=25±0.100mm，A3=0±0.005mm，试校核这几项的偏差能否满足装配要求并分析因及采取的对策。 NA1A2A3 解 TN=T1+T2+T3 =（0.100+0.200+0.010）=0.310mm＞0.25mm
组成环公差和大于封闭环公差，故公差不能满足装配要求，可适当提高组成环精度，并调整其偏差以满足装配要求。
+0.16
6. 图所示某齿轮机构，已知A1=300-0.06mm，A2=50-0.06mm，A3=38 +0.10 mm，
A4=30-O.O5mm，试计算齿轮右端面与档圈左端面的向端在面的轴向间隙A0的变动范围。
f backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. o conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past oneanother across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happyWe will continue to improve the company's internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication \o constantly perfect ERP, and BFS++, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS++, and ERP, and SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure \To strengthening Humanities care, continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. o strengthen risk management, ensure that the business of \d business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity. o further standardize trading, and strive to achieve \ding to law, standardize and fair.\nce management, to ensure that potential employees \o fly\o strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. o further quantify and refine employee standards ... Work, full play party, and branch, and members in \se\n the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model ole; to continues to strengthening \good\dership construction, full play levels cadres in enterprise development in theA3A2A1A0A4 解：根据公式 A0=A3-A1-A2-A4=38-30-5-3=0
ES0=ES3-（EI1+EI2+EI4）=（0.16+0.06+0.04+0.05）mm=+0.31mm
EI0=EI3-（ES1+ES2+ES4）=（0.10-0-0-0）mm=+0.10mm
故轴向间隙A0的变化范围为0.10～0.31mm。
f backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. o conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past oneanother across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy
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