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[A] 一个书评 discipline [??????] n.?①纪律;②学科;③训练,训导;④惩罚,处罚;??vt.①训练,训导;②惩罚,约束 【真题例句】 (72) Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline (n.②) and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.[1999年翻译] 【例句精译】 (72) 人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论,主要是因为史学界内部意见不一,其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。 【真题例句】 As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline (n.③), the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.”[1996年阅读4] 【例句精译】 正如1853年访美的一个英国访问团成员所报道的那样,“由于有了学校彻底训练过的头脑,美国孩子迅速地成为技术熟练的工人。” 【真题例句】 The cruel discipline (n.④) of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other?s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.[1996年阅读3] 【例句精译】 罢工和封厂的无情惩罚使双方学会了互相尊重对方的力量,理解公正谈判的价值。
dismiss [?????] v.?①免职,?解雇,开除,解散;②.不理会,不考虑 【真题例句】 He dismisses
(②) a lot of the work of reengineering consultants as mere rubbish —“the worst sort of ambulance-chasing.”[1998年阅读2] 【例句精译】 他对重组顾问们所作的大量工作不屑一顾,然为那些完全是垃圾——“典型的劳而无获”。 dock [??] ?n.船坞,码头;v.入坞,停靠码头 【真题例句】 He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m , then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m.[2006年新题型] 【例句精译】 有时他一次玩两个机器,整夜的玩,直到早上5点关门,然后娱乐场早上9点开门时再回去。 doctor [????n.?①博士;②医生;?v.伪造,篡改 【真题例句】 “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St.Peter. “Oh, that?s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he?s a doctor (n.②).”[2002年阅读1] 【例句精译】 “这是谁啊?”新来的人问圣彼得。“哦,那是上帝,”他回答说,“但有时也认为自己是一名医生。” 【真题例句】 Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties--- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor (v.) his reports. [2006年翻译] 【例句精译】 像其他人类一样,普通科学家甚至在每天日常的工作中都遭遇到了道义上的问题——他不应该伪造他的实验、制造证据或改动他的报告。 document [??????] ?n.公文,文献;???vt.记载,证明 【真题例句】 Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents (vt.) is unmistakable.[2005年阅读4] 【例句精译】 麦克沃特先生从上层和下层文化中列举了一系列有趣的例子,从中我们可以看出他所记录的这种趋势不可避免。 draft
[????] n.?草稿,草案,草图;?v.起草,草拟 【真题例句】 That group — the National Bioethics
Advisory Commission (NBAC) — has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft (n.) of their recommendations.[1999年阅读4] 【例句精译】 这个名为“全国生物伦理道德顾问委员会”(NBAC)的小组一直在非常积极的工作,集思广益,并正在将其意见写成报告;在5月17日的一次会议上,委员们就几乎定稿的建议书取得了一致意见。 【真题例句】 “Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,” says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft (v.) the new guidelines.[1999年阅读1] 【例句精译】 康奈尔大学法学院一位参与起草新纲要的教授说,“重要的信息会淹没在细枝末节的汪洋大海之中”。 dramatic
[??????] a.?①戏剧的,戏剧性的;②剧烈的,激进的;③显著的,引人注目的?? 【真题例
句】 Yet, dramatic (①) instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive.[1995年阅读5] 【例句精译】 然而戏剧性地突然遗忘某事可能会带来适应性方面的问题。 【真题例句】 As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic (②) measures may be ineffective and painful.[2003年阅读 第 5 页 《考研英语常考熟词僻义真题语境记忆》
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4] 【例句精译】 作为一名医生,我深知最昂贵和最激进的手段也可能是无效的和痛苦的; 【真题例句】 Straitford?s briefs don?t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic (③) declarations on the chance they might be wrong.[2003年阅读1] 【例句精译】 Straitford公司的简报没有华盛顿许多其他公司常常提供的那种闪烁其词的预报,其他公司这么做是为了避免万一预报不准备人抓住把柄。 element [?????n.?①元素;??②组成部分;③人员,分子 【真题例句】 They are different (46:in that) their elements (①) are arranged differently, and each vitamin (47:performs) one or more specific functions in the body.[1996年完形] 【例句精译】 它们的不同之处在于每种维生素内部的元素排列不同,并且每种维生素在人体内都有一种或多种特殊作用。 【真题例句】 Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element (②) in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.[1996年阅读3] 【例句精译】 对资本与企业的如此大规模的非个人操纵大大地增加了作为一个阶级的持股人的数量及其地位的重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分,不仅从地产和土地所有者的责任中脱离出来,而且几乎相应地也从企业管理的责任中脱离出来。 【真题例句】 The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element (③) and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.[1996年阅读3] 【例句精译】 通过聘用大量专业人员来适应新时代的技术要求,并防止了效率的降低,而在过去这种低效率曾使得许多旧式家族企业在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二、三代手中破产倒闭。 engage [?????] ?v.①(?in?)从事,忙于;②(to)与……订婚;③聘用;④吸引 【真题例句】 Nevertheless Williams?s suit charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage (①) in conduct against his will” well.[2006年新题型] 【例句精译】 然而威廉姆斯还是控告娱乐场,明知道他“不可救药地赌博上瘾”还故意“诱惑”他“违背他自己的意愿参加赌博”。 【真题例句】 The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging (③) a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.[1996年阅读3] 【例句精译】 通过聘用大量专业人员来适应新时代的技术要求,并防止了效率的降低,而在过去这种低效率曾使得许多旧式家族企业在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二、三代手中破产倒闭。 【真题例句】 To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage (④) sympathy.[1997年翻译] 【例句精译】 对于大多数人来说,看见一个动物在受苦,足以引起他们同情。
experiment [???????????] n.?试验;v.(on)做实验 【真题例句】 Science, in practice,
depends far less on the experiments (n.) it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.[1999年阅读5] 【例句精译】 在实践中,科学成果的取得依赖于做有准备的实验,但更依赖于有思想准备的实验观察者。 【真题例句】 He experimented (vi.) with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery.[1994年阅读5] 【例句精译】 他是对抗菌物质进行了长达9年的实验才有了这项发明。 fabricate [??????v.?①捏造,编造(谎言,借???口等);②建造,制造 【真题例句】 (63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating (①) their data. [2004年翻译] 【例句精译】 (63) 这些新近被描述的语言和得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著,以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了材料。 fair
[??] ?a.①公平的,合理的;②相当的,尚好的;③晴朗的;④金发的;n.集市,交易会,博览会 【真
题例句】 To be fair (a.①), this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American.[1997年阅读2] 第 6 页 《考研英语常考熟词僻义真题语境记忆》
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【例句精译】 平心而论,人们对加拿大人也有这样的评论,因而,应当认为这是北美的普遍现象。 【真题例句】 In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs (n.) and at the industrial fairs in major cities.[1996年阅读4] 【例句精译】 在美国,奖励新发明的大量奖品在乡村集市和大城市的工业博览会上颁发。 fashion [????] ?n.①流行式样(或货品),风尚,?风气;②样子,方式;vt.形成,制作,塑造 【真题例句】 More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion (n.①), companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another.[1999年阅读2] 【例句精译】 最近,在网络已被证明不是一时的时髦之后,公司间便开始(在网上)交易产品和服务。 【真题例句】 His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion (n.②), chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.[1998年阅读2] 【例句精译】 他的同事迈克·比尔说,太多的企业以机械的方式进行重组,降低了成本却没有考虑到长远效益。 【真题例句】 If the Administration won?t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning (vt.) conservation measures.[2005年阅读2] 【例句精
译】 假如政府当局没有采取司法行动,议会就应该协助来推广环保措施。 feature [?????] ?n.①特征,特色;②(报纸或杂志)特写;③容貌,面貌;v.给显著地位 【真题例句】 The complementary coastlines and certain geological features (n.①) that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined.[1998年阅读5] 【例句精译】 但互相吻合的海岸线和某些似乎跨越海洋的地质特征表明两个大陆曾经连在一起。 【真题例句】 70. This passage appears to be a digest of _____.[1996年阅读5]
[C] a magazine feature (n.②) 【例句精译】 70、本文似乎是_____的摘要。 [C] 一份杂志特写 【真题例句】 68. Kitcher?s book is intended to _____.[1996年阅读5] [B] expose the true features (n.③) of creationists 【例句精译】 68、肯切尔的书旨在_____。
[B] 披露所谓科学创世论者的真实面目 【真题例句】 Our magazines feature (v.) beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes.[2006年阅读4] 【例句精译】 我们的杂志突出刊登满面春风的名人和美满幸福的家庭。 field [???] ?n.①田,田野;②运动场;③领域,方面;④实地?,野外 【真题例句】 The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal — and so it goes with innovation in any field (③) of activity.[1994年阅读5] 【例句精译】 关键在于得分最多者正是那些射门次数最多的球员,而任何领域的创新活动都是如此。 【真题例句】 Anthropology is a field-study (④) oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.[2003年翻译] 【例句精译】 人类学是一个以实地研究为方向的学科,该学科在研究中常常大量使用对比分析方法。
figure [???] ?n.①体形;②数字;③图形;④人物;?v.(out)算出,估计,推测 【真题例句】
In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates that figure (n.②) will be 75 percent.[1994年阅读4] 【例句精译】 国家癌症研究所估计,到2000年存活率将升至75%。 【真题例句】 Americans no longer expect public figures (n.④), whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift.Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.[2005年阅读4] 【例句精译】 美国人不再期望公众人物在演讲或写作文章之时可以巧妙地、富有天分地使用英语了,而他们自己本身也不奢望自己能够做到这一点。 finance [?????n.?①财政,金融;②资金;??v.为……提供资金 【真题例句】 This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances (n.②) necessary for production costs.[2005年翻译] 第 7 页 《考研英语常考熟词僻义真题语境记忆》
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【例句精译】 这也要求欧洲国家达成共识,并效仿能解决生产所需资金的欧洲投资银行的模式,来创立一个欧洲节目制作资源库。 【真题例句】 The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain?s former colony.They financed (v.) them.Immigrant Americans built them.Guess who owns them now? The Americans.[2001年阅读2] 【例句精译】 英国人、德国人、荷兰人和法国人都在这个前英国殖民地投资。他们提供资金,美洲移民建造。想想看,现在谁拥有这一切?美国人。 firm [???] a.11?坚固的,稳固的;12坚决的,坚定的;n.21公司,商号
【真题例句】 It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. 【例句精译】 广告直接有助于商品以合理的价格销售,由此建立稳固的国内市场,并使商品能以富有竞争力的价格出口。
【真题例句】 Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers.
【例句精译】 许多旧式公司被有限责任公司所取代,由领薪经理层构成其管理机构。
horizon [?????] ?n.①地平线;??②眼界,见识;③(思想等的)范围,限度;④(on the ~)
即将发生 【真题例句】 According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons (③) of scientific knowledge.[1994年翻译] 【例句精译】 新学派科学家们认为,在拓展科学知识的范围方面技术是被忽视的力量。 【真题例句】 For many of us, the “cashless society” is not on the horizon (④) — it?s already here.[1994年阅读2] 【例句精译】 对于我们很多人来说,“无现金的社会”不是即将来临,而是已经到来。 host [???] ?n.?①主人;②主持人;③东道主;④(a ~ of)许多;v.①举行;②主持;③主办 【真题例句】 In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host (n.④) of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional.[1999年阅读3] 【例句精译】 无论如何,基本的计算机技能只是对成为某种专业技术人员所需的各种实际技能的补充。 【真题例句】 (71) There will be television chat shows hosted (v.②) by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.[2001年翻译] 【例句精译】 (71) 届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视访谈节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规),监控器就会使其停驶。
immediate [??????] a.?①立即的,即时的;②直接的,最接近的?? 【真题例句】 But a
decision among projects none of which has immediate (②) utility is more difficult.[1996年翻译] 【例句精译】 但是在没有直接效用的项目中做抉择就难多了。 import [????????????] v.?进口,输入;n.①进口,输入;②[pl.]进口商品,进口物资;③重要性 【真题例句】 On the other hand, oil-importing (v.) emerging economies — to which heavy industry has shifted — have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.[2002年阅读3] 【例句精译】 另一方面,进口石油的新兴国家由于转向了重工业,消耗能量更大,因此可能会受到石油危机的强烈影响。 【真题例句】 The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import (n.①) bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980.[2002年阅读3] 【例句精译】 国际经合组织在最近一期的《经济展望》中估计,如果油价持续一年维持在22美元左右,与1998年的13美元一桶相比,这也只会使发达国家的石油进口在支出上增加GDP的0.25%~0.5%。这还不到1974年或1980年收入减少部分的1/4。 【真题例句】 The full import (n.③) may take a while to sink in.[1997年阅读1] 【例句精译】 该法案的重要性可能需要一段时间才能为人们所理解和接受。 knowledge
[?????] n.?①知识,?学识;②知道,了解 【真题例句】 “Being learned in some branch of human
knowledge (①) in one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts”, as Emersion would say, “is something else.”[2006年翻译] 【例句精译】 正如爱默生说的“在人类知识的一些分支中学习是一回事,在公众的和勤勉的思想中生存就是另外一回事了。” 【真题例句】 The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge (②) of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he
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