型的动词时可用：It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。 He does well in math，but is poor in English. So it is with Mary. 他数学学得好，但英语学的差，玛丽也是如此。
题六：
Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and______.
A. neither won’t Tom B.Tom won’t either C. Tom will too D. so will Tom
由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。 句式为：表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他。
Successful as he is，he is not proud. 他虽然成功，但不骄傲。
Child as he is， he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得不少事情。
Much as I like Paris，I couldn’t live there.虽然我非常喜欢巴黎，但我不能住在那里。 注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略。 题七：
Try_____ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.
A. if B. when C. since D. as
在so...that从句中，如果so＋adj./adv. So quickly did he speak that no one could follow him. 他说的太快了，以至于没人能跟得上他。
如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were，should ，had，可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。
If it hadn’t been for their help，we couldn’t have finished the work on time. ＝Hadn’t it been for their help，we couldn’t have finished the work on time. 要不是由于他们的帮助，我们不可能按时完成那项工作。 题八：
_______fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Should you be B. Would you be C. Might you be D. Must be you
频度副词及短语often，always，now and then，many a time，every other day等放在句首时有时也倒装。
Many a time has she come to comfort me.她来安慰了我好多次。
Often did the teacher warn the students not to do so.老师经常告诫学生们不要那样去做。
某些表示祝愿句子也用倒装语序。 May you succeed.祝你成功！
Long live the Communist Party of China!中国共产党万岁！
讲义参考答案
题一：答案：D题二：答案：A题三：答案：D题四：答案：D 题五：答案：A题六：答案：B题七：答案：D题八：答案：A 第 13 页
专题：必修5：Unit5 First aid 语法
开篇语
省略的概念
在英语中，为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文连接紧密；或因为语法的客观要求，句子中的某一个或某几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。
省略要求保持语法结构完整，保持句子意义的准确，常用于口语交际之中。英语的省略大致有以下几种情况：
简单句中的省略
省略主语
在生活交流中，尤其在祈使句中，动作的执行者明了，因此常被省略。 Sit down and be quite, please.
省略谓语
在某些特定的环境中，由于语言所指清楚，为了避免重复，常将谓语动词省略，留下主语和其他成分；如果谓语部分全部省略，而只留下主语时，主语代词用宾格。 — Jack will take a test next week. — Me, too.
省略宾语
当上下文宾语一致时，下文常省略宾语。 — Would you like to go shopping this evening? — I'd love to.
省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)
在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，于是为了简单或情感亲切等，可将主语和谓语同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。 Another cup of coffee, please.
动词不定式的省略
to be的省略
有些动词，如：believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构to be ＋ n. / adj. 中的to be可以省略。 I consider him stupid.
小品词to的省略
在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感观动词及使役动词let, make, have 后的“宾语 ＋ 动词不定式作宾语补足语”的结构中，不定式符号to须省略，但这类结构变成被动语态时，其后的不定式要还原加上to。 1. I'll have Tom show you to your room. 第 14 页
2. The workers were made to work more than 16 hours a day.
在can not but, can not choose but, can do nothing but?, can't help but?, prefer to do rather than do?, would do? rather than?之后的动词不定式一般不带to。 I prefer to watch TV rather than go shopping.
注意：
在“动词＋something/nothing/anything/everything + but”结构中，若but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done时，but后面的不定式的to须省略。
在并列结构中为了避免重复，后一个to省略。 He’s really puzzled what to think or say.
两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略。 I came not to scold but to praise you.
在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中，后跟的动词不定式须省略to。 Why not have some fish?
不定式中动词的省略
动词不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise, wish, hope, plan等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常承前省略不定式后的内容，但要保留不定式符号to。 — Did you get a ticket?
— No, I meant to, but there weren't any left.
在when, if, what, as 引导的从句中，want, like后的不定式符号to也常省略。 We can have a rest if you want.
be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等后面不定式动词若与前面的动词相同，则其后的动词常被省略，只留下不定式符号to。 I don't want to stay here, but I have to.
动词不定式在 ask, warn, tell, advise, force, wish, expect, allow, permit, invite, persuade, order, would like, forbid等动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，如果作宾语补足语的不定式中，其动词与前面的动词相同。为了避免重复，补足语不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。
The child wants to climb the tree, but his mother tells him not to.
在“系动词(be)＋ 形容词”，即“be afraid / ready / glad / happy / willing”等后面接不定式，为了避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只留下不定式符号to。 — Could you have a dinner with me? — I'm glad to (have a dinner with you). 第 15 页
主语部分有to do, 系动词是is或was时，作谓语的不定式通常省去。 The only thing you have to do is study hard.
承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have。 — Are you a teacher? — No, but I used to be.
题一：
I’ll do all I can ________ you.
A. help B. to help C. helping D. to helping
题二：
He would rather die than ________.
A. giving in B. give in C. to give in D. gave in
定语从句中的省略
省略关系代词
在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom可以省略。 The book (that /which) he is reading was written by Laoshe.
从句中主语、宾语或表语的省略
在以the same? as和such? as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分。 He is such a man as was reported on TV yesterday.
关系副词的省略
the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略关系副词that或in which。 What shocked me was not what he said but the way he said it.
题一：
He wears the same coat ________. They look similar.
A. as you B. than you C. that you D. like you
状语从句中的省略
省略从句的主语和be动词
在由when, while, as, once, whenever引导的时间状语从句；由if, unless引导的条件状语从句；由though, although, even if, even though引导的让步状语从句；由as though, as if, as引导的方式状语从句；由because引导的原因状语从句；由wherever引导的地点状语从句中；主从句的主语相同或从句的主语是it，且谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。 When (he was) asked, he didn't say anything. 第 16 页
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