数控专业毕业论文 

大连水产学院本科毕业论文（设计） 数控车床的基本应用

专科大连水产学院毕业论文

题 目 数控车床的基本应用

学 生 姓 名： 指

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合作指导教师： 专所

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年 月

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大连水产学院本科毕业论文（设计） 数控车床的基本应用

摘 要

世界制造业转移，中国正在逐步成为世界加工厂。美国、德国、韩国等国家已经进入工业化发展的高技术密集时代与微电子时代，钢铁、机械、化工等重工业正逐渐向发展中国家转移。我国目前经济发展已经过了发展初期，正处于重化工业发展中期。

未来10年将是中国机械行业发展最佳时期。美国、德国的重化工业发展期延续了18年以上，美国、德国、韩国四国重化工业发展期平均延续了12年，我们估计中国的重化工业发展期将至少延续10年，直到2015年。因此，在未来10年中，随着中国重化工业进程的推进，中国企业规模、产品技术、质量等都将得到大幅提升，国产机械产品国际竞争力增强，逐步替代进口，并加速出口。目前，机械行业中部分子行业如船舶、铁路、集装箱及集装箱起重机制造等已经受益于国际间的产业转移，并将持续受益；电站设备、工程机械、床等将受益于产业转移，加快出口进程

关键词 : 数控，工业化发展，刀具，机床

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大连水产学院本科毕业论文（设计） 数控车床的基本应用

目 录

第一章 数控机床的产生 第二章 数控机床的发展

2.1数控系统的发展 ···················································································· 1 2.2机床的发展趋势 ···················································································· 2

第三章 数控机床的分类

3.1按加工工艺方法分类 ············································································· 4 3.1.1金属切削类数控机床 ································································································ 4 3.1.2特种加工类数控机床 ································································································ 4 3.1.3板材加工类数控机床 ································································································ 4 3.2按控制运动轨迹分类 ············································································· 5 3.1.2点位控制数控机床 ····································································································· 5 3.2.2直线控制数控机床 ····································································································· 5 3.2.3轮廓控制数控机床 ····································································································· 5 3.3按驱动装置的特点分类 ·········································································· 6 3.3.1开环控制数控机床 ····································································································· 6 3.3.2闭环控制数控机床 ····································································································· 7 3.3.3半闭环控制数控机床 ································································································ 7 3.3.4混合控制数控机床 ····································································································· 7

第四章 数控车的工艺与工装削

4.1合理选择切削用量 ················································································ 9 4.2合理选择刀具 ······················································································· 9 4.3合理选择夹具 ······················································································· 10 4.4确定加工路线 ······················································································· 10 4.5 加工路线与加工余量的联系 ·································································· 10 4.6夹具安装要点 ······················································································· 10

第五章 程序首句妙用与控制尺寸精度的技巧

5.1程序首句妙用G00的技巧 ······································································ 11 5.2控制尺寸精度的技巧 ············································································· 12 5.2.1修改刀补值保证尺寸精度 ························································································ 12 5.2.2半精加工消除丝杆间隙影响保证尺寸精度 ························································· 12 5.2.3程序编制保证尺寸精度 ···························································································· 12 5.2.4修改程序和刀补控制尺寸 ························································································ 13

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大连水产学院本科毕业论文（设计） 数控车床的基本应用

第六章 数控技术

6.1数控机床电气控制系统综述 ··································································· 14 6.2数控机床运动坐标的电气控制 ································································ 16

结语 致谢 参考文献

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大连水产学院本科毕业论文（设计） 数控车床的基本应用

第一章 数控机床的产生

在机械制造工业中并不是所有的产品零件都具有很大的批量，单件与小批量生产的零件（批量在10～100件）约占机械加工总量的80%以上。尤其是在造船、航天、航空、机床、重型机械以及国防工业更是如此。

为了满足多品种，小批量的自动化生产，迫切需要一种灵活的，通用的，能够适用产品频繁变化的柔性自动化机床。数控机床就是在这样的背景下诞生与发展起来的。它为单件、小批量生产的精密复杂零件提供了自动化的加工手段。

根据国家标准ＧＢ／Ｔ８１２９－１９９７，对机床数字控制的定义：用数字控制的装置（简称数控装置），在运行过程中，不断地引入数字数据，从而对某一生产过程实现自动控制，叫数字控制，简称数控。用计算机控制加工功能，称计算机数控（computerized numerical ，缩写ＣＮＣ）。

数控机床即使采用了数控技术的机床，或者说装备了数控系统的机床。从应用来说，数控机床就是将加工过程所需的各种操作（如主轴变速、松加工件、进刀与退刀、开车与停车、选择刀具、供给切削液等）和步骤，以及刀具与工件之间的相对位移量都用数字化的代码来表示，通过控制介质将数字信息送入专用的或通用的计算机，计算机对输入的信息进行处理与运算，发出各种指令来控制机床的伺服系统或其他执行元件，是机床自动加工出所需要的零件。

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