Anapprenticeshipisaformofon-the-jobtrainingthatcombinesworkplaceexperienceandclassroomlearning.Itcanlastanywherefromonetosixyears,butfouryearsistypicalformost.Anapprenticespendsthemajorityofthetimeinaworkplaceenvironmentlearningthepracticalskillsofacareerfromajourneyman--someonewhohasdonethejobformanyyears.Therestoftheapprentice'stimeisspentinaclassroomenvironmentlearningthetheoreticalskillsthecareerrequires.Beinganapprenticeisafull-timeundertaking.
Oneoftheadvantagesofapprenticeshipisthatitdoesnotcostapprenticesanything.Thecompaniesthathirethempayforschool.What'smore,itoffersapprenticesan“earnwhileyoulearn”opportunity.Theyusuallystartoutathalfthepayofajourneyman,andthepayincreasesgraduallyastheymovefurtheralonginthejobandstudies.Neartheendoftheapprenticeship,theirwagesareusually90percentofwhatajourneymanwouldreceive.Apprenticeshipalsopaysoffforemployers.Itcanofferemployersapoolofwell-trainedworkerstodrawfrom.
Despitetheadvantages,apprenticesareusuallyrequiredtoworkduringthedayandattendclassesatnight,whichleaveslittletimeforanythingelse.Sometimes,theymightbelaidoff(下岗)ifbusinessfortheemployersisslow.
Oncetheyhavecompletedtheapprenticeshipandbecomejourneymen,theyreceiveanationallyrecognizedandportablecertificationandtheirpayalsoincreasesagain.Somejourneymencontinueemploymentwiththecompaniestheyapprenticedwith;othersgoontodifferentcompaniesorbecomeself-employedcontractors. Title: Definition (1)______ on-the-jobtrainingcombiningworkplaceexperienceandclassroom(2)_________ the(3)________ofthetimeinaworkplace:learningthepracticalskills therestofthetimeinaclassroom:learningthe(4)_______skills. costingapprenticesnothingofferingapprenticesmoney-makingopportunities halfthepayofajourneymanatthe(5)________ graduallyincreasingpayintheprocess 90%ofa(6)_________wagesneartheendofferingemployersmany(7)_________workers Advantages Disadvantages littletimeforanythingelse thepossibilityofbeing(8)_______off (9)_______ aformalcertification another(10)__________increase freechoicesofjobs 〔2〕 Manypeopleneedguidanceinchoosingacareer(职业).Fortunately,thereismuchinformationontheWebaboutjobopportunities(机会).Withalltheinformationavailable,it'snotsurprisingthatpeoplecanfeelconfused.Soifyou'rereadytostartyourfirstjoborchangecareers,wheredoyoubegin?
TheOccupationHandbookisagoodresource.Regularlyupdated,theHandbookisavailableasabookandon-line.NotonlyisinformationprovidedabouttheUnitedStatesasawhole,butread
erscaneasilysearchforinformationabouttheirparticularstate.Youcanreadaboutthefastest-growingoccupationsintheareawhereyouliveandfindoutwhattheyarelike.Youcanalsolearnhowtoapplyforjobs.
Take,forexample,Nadia'ssituation.Nadiawasadoctor'sassistantinIran,andhergoalintheUnitedStatesistobecomeanurse.However,sheneedstoworkwhilesheisstudyingnursing.Sheisinterestedinbecomingamedicalassistanttohelpworkherwaythroughcollege.Whengoingon-linetotheHandbookandsearchingunder
“medicalassistant”,Nadiaishappytoreadthatthisisexpectedtobeoneofthefastest-growingcareersthrough2017.Besides,jobopportunitiesareevenbetterforpeoplewithexperience.Shediscoversthatmedicalassistantsnotonlyhavetodosomeofficework,buthavemedicalresponsibilitiesaswell.Nadiadecidesthisjobwillbeinterestingandwillalsoprovideexcellentexperienceforhernursingcareer.
TheOccupationHandbookisjustanexampleofwebsitesthatcanhelpyouplananewcareer.Whenyouhavefoundinformationaboutsomedifferentcareers,youwillbereadytotalktocareeradvisers.Choosingyourfuturecareerisanextremelyimportantdecision.It'sworthtakingthetimeandfindingasmuchinformationasyoucan. Title FindingInformationonthe(1)_________forTomorrow’sJob Introduction Thereisalotofjobinformationon-line,buttoomuchofitmaysometimesbe(2)_________ Factsofthehandbook Theinformationisupdatedina(3)_________manner. Itsvastresourcesincludewaysofjob(4)_________ Nadia’ShewantstobecomeanurseintheUnitedStates. s(5)________ Sheneedstoworktomake(6)__________forhercollegestudy. Herprevious(7)__________mayhelphertogetthejob. Ifshe’samedicalassistant,she’llalsotakemedical(8)_______ Conclusion Findsomeinformationon-linebefore(9)_________careeradvisers. Thetimeyouspendandtheeffortsyoumakewillbe(10)___________ 〔3〕
Formorethantwentyyearsscientistshavebeenseekingtounderstandthemysteryofthe
‘‘sixthsense\、Bytryingoutideasandsolvingproblemsonebyone，theyarenowgettingclosertooneanswer、
Onefunnyideaisthatanimalsmighthaveabuilt-incompass(指南针)、
Ourearthitselfisabigmagnet(磁体)、Soalittlemagneticneedlethatswingsfreelylines itselfwiththebigearthmagnettopointnorthandsouth、Whenpeoplediscoveredthatideaaboutathousandyearsagoandinventedthecompass，itallowedsailorstonavigate(航海)onoceanvoyages,evenundercloudyskies. ActuallytheideaofthelivingcompasscamejustfromobservinganimalsinnaturE、 Manybirdsmigratetwiceayearbetweentheirsummerhomesandwinterhomes、Someofthemflyforthousandsofkilometersandmostlyatnight、Experimentshaveshownthatsomebirdscanrecognizestarpatterns、Buttheycankeeponcourseevenundercloudyskies、Howcantheydothat?
Acommonbirdthatdoesnotmigratebutisgreatatfindingitswayhomeisthehomingpigeon、NotallpigeonscanfindtheirwayhomE、Thosethatcanareverygoodatit，andtheyhavebeenwidelystudieD、
Oneinterestingexperimentwastoattachlittlemagnetstothebirds’headstoblocktheir magneticsense—justasaloudradiocankeepyoufromhearingacalltodinner、Onsunnydays,thatdidnotfoolthepigeons、Evidentlytheycanusethesuntotellwhichwaytheyaregoing、Butoncloudydays，thepigeonswithmagnetscouldnotfindtheirway、ItwasasifthemagnetshadblockedtheirmagneticsensE、
Similarexperimentswiththesamekindofresultsweredonewithhoneybees、Theseinsectsalsoseemtohaveaspecialsenseofdirection、
Inspiteoftheexperiments，theideaofananimalcompassseemedprettyextraordinary、How wouldananimalgetthemagneticstuffforacompass.
AnanswercamefromanunexpectedsourcE、Ascientistwasstudyingbacteriathatliveinthe mudofpondsandmarshes、Hefoundaccidentallylittlerod-likebacteriathatallswamtogetherin onedirection—north、
Furtherstudyshowedthateachlittlebacteriumhadachainofdenseparticlesinside，which provedmagnetiC、Thebacteriahadmadethemselvesintolittlemagnetsthatcouldlineupwiththe earth’smagnet、
Thebignewswasthatalivingthing，evenasimplebacterium，canmakemagnetitE、Thatled toasearchtoseewhetheranimalsmighthaveit..Byusingaspecialinstrumentcalledmagnetometer，scientistswereabletofindmagnetiteinbeesandbirds，andeveninfish、Ineach animal，exceptforthebeE、themagneticstuffwasalwaysinorclosertothebrain、 Thus、theideaofabuilt—inanimalcompassbegantoseemreasonablE、 TheMagneticSense—TheLivingCompass Passageoutline Theexistenceoftheearthmagnetandtheinventionofthenavigatingcompass Supportingdetails ◇Ourearthisabigmagnetandalittlefreely(1)__ magneticneedlelinesitselfwiththeearthmagnettopointnorthandsouth. ◇(2)___ontheideaabove,thenavigatingcompasswasinvented. ◇Onepieceofevidenceisthe(3)ofmanybirdsbetweentheirsummerhomesandwinterhomes. ◇Birdscanrecognizestarpatternsonclearnightsandkeeponcourse(4)undercloudyskies Thepossibilityofbirdsbuilt-incompasses ’The(5)onpigeons’andbees’◇Littlemagnetsweretiedtothepigeons’built-incompasses headsto(6)theirmagneticsense. ◇Thepigeons’magneticsenseseemedtobeaffectedon(7)days. ◇Similarthingswiththesameresultsweredonewithbees.
The(8)ofthemagneticstufffortheanimalcompass ◇Littlerod-likebacteriawerefoundbychancetoswimtogetherinthedirectionof(9). ◇Someanimalshadachainofdensemagneticparticlesinorclosetothe(10)insidetheirbodies. 〔4〕 Whendifficultpeopleexpressthemselvesorally,theygenerallywantatleasttwothings:they’vebeenheardandthey’vebeenunderstood.Asagoodcommunicatorshouldbeagoodlistener,fivestepsareadvocatedtowardgoodlistening.
Thefirststepiscooperating(合作).Howdoesadifficultpersonknowthatyou’relisteningandunderstanding?Infact,it’sthroughthewayyoulookandsoundwhileheistalking.Youmayhelphimtofullyexpresshisthoughtsandfeelings.Youdothisbynoddingyourheadinagreement,makingcertainsoundsofunderstanding.
Whenthepersonbeginstorepeatwhat’sbeensaid,it’sasignalofsteptwo:turningback.Itmeansthatyourepeatsomewordsheisusing,sendingaclearsignaltheyou’relisteningcarefullyandthatyouthinkwhatheissayingisimportant. Havingheardwhathehastosay,thenextstepisclarifying.Atthispoint,youstarttogatherinformationaboutwhatisbeingcommunicated.Asksameopen-endedquestions,whichwillallowyoutofigureoutwhatintentionheishopingtosatisfy. Thefourthstepistosummarize(概括)whatyou’veheard.Thisallowsyoutomakesurethatbothyouandthedifficultpersonareonthesamepage.Whenyoudothis,twothingshappenFirst,ifyou’vemissedsomething,hecanfillinthe(细节).Second,you’veshownthatyou’remakinganefforttounderstandcompletely.Thisincreasespossibilityofgainingcooperationfromhim.
Havinglistenedcarefully,you’venowarrivedatthepointofconfirmingwiththepersonthathefeelssatisfiedthatthisthoughtshavebeenfullyvoiced.Askifhefeelsunderstood.
Thenenoughsincerelistening,questioning,andrememberingarebroughttogether,understandingisusuallyachievedandadifficultpersonbecomeslessdifficultandmorecooperative. Topic Reason (3)________ (1)tounderstand Difficultpeoplehopetheyhavebeenheardand(2)whentheyexpressthemselves. ◆(4)inagreementandmakesomesoundsofunderstandingwhileadifficultpersonisspeaking. ◆Repeatsome(5)thatyouhaveheard. ◆Collectinformationabouttheperson’sexpressionsandfindhis(6). ◆Givea(7)ofwhatthepersonhassaid.
◆Confirmthatthepersongains(8)fromspeakinghisthoughts. Result Comment Adifficultpersonwillbe(9)tocooperatewithifunderstandingisachieved. Youmayunlockthedoorstodifficultpeoples(10)____afteryoulistenandunderstand ’ 参考答案
任务型阅读题的解题策略 1.○1remember○2nervousness/tension○3worn○4succeed○5angrily ○6contributions○7destroying;drowning○8responsibility○9affecting 1○0expectations;consideration/account 2.○1easily○2build○3necessary○4consulting○5speed/rate ○6possible○7expanding○8worthwhile 3.○1case○2whatever○3aware/conscious○4combine○5Avoid
4.(1)Types/Kinds(2)Advantages(3)Disadvantages(4)Similarities 【经典导引】
1.Teaching/Education/Schooling2.preparation3.school(s)4.Content(s)/content(s)/ Subjects/subjects/Topics/topics5.politely/properly/well6.managing7.think 8.healthy/fit9.society10.life 【强化训练】
【一】1.well/effectively2.depends3.number4.difficulty/trouble5.controlled 6.motivation7.appearance8.rise9.caution10.decrease/decline 11.short12.access13.equal14.decreased/declined15.majority 16.absorb17.destruction18.inspiring19.considered20.inspiring 21.Regular22.broke23.improvement24.economic25.superior 【二】〔1〕1.Apprenticeship 2.learning3.majority 4.theoretical
5.beginning 6.journeyman’s7.well-trained 8.laid 9.Results 10.pay
〔2〕1.Web/Website/Net/Internet2.confusing3.regular
4.application5.Situation6.money7.experience
8.responsibilities9.consulting/asking10.worthwhile 〔3〕1.swinging2.Based3.migration
4.even5.experiments／tests／study／research 6.block7.cloudy8.discovery9.north10.brain(s)
〔4〕1.Listen/Listening 2.understood 3.Suggestions/Tips/Advice
4.Nod5.words 6.intention 7.summary 8.satisfaction 9.easier 10.hearts/minds
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