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These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows that clock-based work schedules hinder morale (士气) and creativity.
Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from 9 a. m. to 10 a. m. , research from 10 a. m. to noon, etc. On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.
What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities—from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga—by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under \time\little control over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.
The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.
This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. It'll make those tasks easier, and the task-doers will be happier.
32. What is the way for people to do their work according to the author? A. They give priority to the most urgent task on hand. B. They set a time limit for each specific task. C. They combine clock-based and task-based planning. D. They accomplish their tasks one by one.
33. What did the researchers find in their experiments about clock-timers? A.They tend to be more productive.B. They seize opportunities as they come up. C. They always get their work done in time.D.They have more control over their lives. 34. What is the researchers’ opinion about today's business culture? A. It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies. B. It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers' lives. C. It aims to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play. D.It does not lay enough emphasis on task-based practice. 35. From the passage, what can we conclude ?
A. It is important to keep a balance between work and life.
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B. Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work. C. Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier. D. A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation. 第二节 （共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
As a teacher, you could bring the community into your classroom in many ways. 36 They can be excellent teachers of their own traditions and histories. Immigrant parents could talk about their country of origin and why they immigrated to the United States. Parents can be invited to talk about their jobs or a community project. 37 Employees at local businesses and staff at community agencies have up-to-date information to share in classrooms.
Field trips provide another opportunity to know the community. 38 However, Some matters have to be guaranteed. A school district should have guidelines for selecting and conducting field trips. 39 .
40 Some schools require students to provide community service by volunteering in a nursing home, child care center or government agency. These projects help students understand their responsibility to the larger community.
A. Many school projects help students to be involved in community projects. B. The parents of your students are resources and properties for their children. C. Students might conduct research on a community need.
D. There are many parents who specialize in areas related to community. E. They, of course, are not the only community resources.
F. Besides, families must be made aware and give permission for their children to participate. G. Students can attend concerts or visit museums or historical sites. 第三部分 英语知识运用 （共两节，满分 45）
第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）
My mom gave me some wise advice: “Nothing beats a good bite that bites back.” She was talking about her 41 for bitter-tasting food like rhubarb (大黄). Mom’s rhubarb plant is at the east of our 42 . Grandma moved it there from the farm. We kept the largest garden in the neighborhood. Each growing season, we 44 the 43 I’ve always regarded it as an overgrown weed. plentiful rhubarb, tomatoes, beans and carrots with our neighbors and friends. More families took the rhubarb than any other fruit. Nearly three years ago, while 45 Mom’s flower bed, I finally asked if I could dig out her rhubarb. 46 she didn’t bake with it anymore. “Absolutely not,” Mom said. Clearly I hadn’t 47 her devotion to it.
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As I continued weeding, I thought about how rhubarb is one of the 48 plants to appear in early spring. It breaks through the snowy, icy ground before buds (芽) form on trees. How can anyone fail to
49 such a passionate desire? When those first sprouts (嫩芽) 50 , I’d find Mom outdoors, examining them like a 51
counting a newborn’s fingers and toes. She would estimate about how long it’d be until she could make her rhubarb 52 . But when I was a kid and she gave me that pie, it made me 53 . In my teens, it made me complain.
54 ice cream did not sweeten the deal for my young taste buds. Rhubarb was something to be 55 at all costs. Then, last summer, I searched for Mom’s 56 . I found the one for her rhubarb pie. So I 57 to give it a try. A few tries later, I 58 rhubarb pie to family and guests. It tasted incredible. Since then I’ve come to two 59 about rhubarb. First, you can take rhubarb out of the country, but you can’t take the country out of the rhubarb. And second, rhubarb’s taste may be lost on children, but adults can 60 it. Like my wise mother, I now understand that “Nothing beats a good bite that bites back.” 41. A. effort B. love C. hope D. regret 42. A. garden 43. A. So 44. A. planted 45. A. weeding 46. A. As usual 47. A. noticed 48. A. first 49. A. miss 50. A. survived 51. A. parent 52. A. dish 53. A. laugh 54. A. Only 55. A. obtained 56. A. recipe 57. A. refused 58. A. taught 59. A. theories 60. A. sense
B. farm B. And B. prepared B. making B. As a result B. understood B. last B. question B. stayed B. child B. pie B. cry B. Just B. gathered B. advice B. agreed B. served B. ideas B. trust
C. house C. But C. collected C. examining C. Above all C. followed C. strange C. admire C. dropped C. doctor C. soup C. cheerful C. Even C. valued C. notebook C. decided C. passed C. conclusions C. discover
D. country D. Or D. shared D. digging D. After all D. ignored D. common D. challenge D. appeared D. friend D. salad D. peaceful D. Yet D. avoided D. secret D. hesitated D. showed D. suggestions D. appreciate
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
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King of Glory is a game developed by Chinese Internet giant Tencent. In the game, players choose a hero
61 (practice) 5 vs 5 battles, 62 each hero having different characteristics and magical attack modes. The 63 (hero) in King of Glory, are 64 (most) based on figures from ancient Chinese history, like China’s first emperor Ying Zheng, the famous poet Li Bai in Tang Dynasty, and Jing Ke, a killer 65 (know) for his failed attempt to kill Ying Zheng. A player said one of the most important reasons why he loves the game is that the 66 (history) characters look very “cool”. His favorite hero is Jing Ke. The real Jing Ke was a man. 67 , in the game he 68 (turn) into a sexy girl with barely any clothes on, 69 has aroused controversy on the internet. Some parents are worried that it may mislead their children and have 70 bad influence on their study,
第四部分 写作 （共两节 满分 35）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题一分，满分10分）
One day, I picked my daughter Eloise from school and went to the supermarket for a few things. I was hoping to be in and out quick. I found a short line with just one person in the front of me. It was an elder woman, and she was paid for her things with only change. After a long day at work, I was impatient with this woman. And then I watched a young clerk. He helped her count her change, take it gently from her shaking hands. He was patient and kind the whole times. Because I was watching him, I saw Eloise was too. I realized my daughter had learned an important lesson with a complete stranger.
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