初中英语语法：非谓语动词

跟郭老师学初中英语语法：非谓语动词

非谓语动词是河北中考的必考点。从命题内容来看，动词不定式作主语、定语、宾语补足语；动词不定式与疑问词连用；部分动词后接不定式或动名词作宾语的区别；过去分词作定语等都是常考点。从命题形式来看，以单项选择为主，一般占1分。预计2016年，对非谓语动词的考查，动词不定式仍是热点。

2011—2015年河北中考试题分析表：(非谓语动词) 年份 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 题号 32 37 39 33 39

非谓语动词是一些特殊的动词，它们在句中不能单独作谓语，而有谓语以外的其他语法功能，在句子中不受主语的人称和数的限制，但仍有时态和语态的变化，也可以带宾语和状语，构成非谓语动词短语。非谓语动词分动词不定式、动名词和分词三种。动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，有时在特殊情况下to可以省略。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时也具有动词的部分特征，能充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。动名词由动词加-ing构成，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它们在句中作定语、状语、表语和补语。

题型 单项选择 单项选择 单项选择 单项选择 单项选择 分值 1 1 1 1 1 ①动词不定式

功能 主语 宾语 宾语补足语 定语 表语 状语 例句 To speak English well isn’t an easy job. They decided to change their mind. He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day. He is always the first to come and the last to leave. Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children. 目的 Every morning he gets up very early to exercise. 结果 He returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside. - 1 - 跟郭老师学初中英语语法：非谓语动词

1. 不定式作宾语

(1)一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看一场电影吗？

(2)在find，think后面接不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如：I find it easy to read English every day. 我发现每天读英语很容易。

(3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式：

why not do…，had better(not) do…，would rather do，could/would/will you please (not) do…如：I would rather stay at home. 我宁愿待在家里。

2. 不定式作宾语补足语

tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后面常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：

Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他将收音机的音量调低。 My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我母亲鼓励我学日语。

注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)、半帮助(help)。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：

The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们工作了一整夜。

They were made to work the whole night by the boss. 他们被老板要求工作了一整夜。 3. 不定式作定语

(1)不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如：Would you like something to drink? 想要点喝的东西吗？

(2)如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。

1. (2015保定一模) Remember that laws are necessary ______ you. A. to protect A. study A. enjoy

B. protect

C. promise

D. to promise D. to be studying D. enjoying

2. (2015石裕华区模拟) Why are you here? You are supposed ______ in the classroom now.

B. to be studied C. studying B. enjoyed

C. to enjoy

3. (2015邯郸二模) Many people went to the beach ______ the beautiful scene every year. 4. (2015石家庄长安区一模) —You look sad. Would you like ______ me what happened? —Sorry. It’s a ______ now. A. to tell; secret

B. telling; secret C. to tell; news

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D. telling; news

5. (2015沧州一模) —I haven’t got a partner ______. —Maybe you can ask John for help. A. work with A. save A. join

B. to work B. saving B. to join

C. working with D. to work with C. to save

D. saves D. to take part in

6. (2015石家庄藁城区模拟) Granny often tells us ______ water in our daily life. 7. (2015滦平县二模) Why not ______ an art club to practice drawing pictures?

C. take part in

8. (2015河北模拟) He warns Scrooge _____ his ways if he doesn’t want to end up _____ him. A. change; as

B. change; like C. to change; like D. to change; as

9. (2015石家庄一模) —Mom, I am very thirsty. —Let’s go to the supermarket ______ some drinks. A. to buy

B. buy

C. buying

D. buys

10. (2015邯郸武安七中模拟) —May I listen to the music here, Mr. White? —Sorry, you’d better ______ it like that. A. not to do

B. not do

C. don’t do

D. not do to

②特殊结构的不定式

结构 too…to…结构 not＋不定式 作主语 疑问词+不定式 作宾语 作表语 of＋名词(代词的宾格)＋不定式

1. 动词不定式作主语

动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It＋be ＋adj.＋(for / of sb.)＋动词不定式。注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：

To learn English well is useful. → It is useful to learn English well. 把英语学好是有用的。 It’s important for us to protect the environment. 对于我们来说，保护环境很重要。 It’s very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。

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例句 She was too surprised to see how angry her father was. The teacher told the students not to play soccer on the road. How to solve the problem is very important. He didn’t know what to say. The question is where to find the water. It is very kind of you to help me with my English. for＋名词(代词的宾格)＋不定式 It is necessary for us to learn from each other. 2. 不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生要做什么。 He didn’t know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。(where to go＝where he should go)

11. (2015河北) —It’s important for us to know ______ all the subjects. —Yeah，group work is my favorite. A. how to study

B. when to study C. which to study D. what to study

12. (2015路北二模) —I’d like to take a trip to Beijing. Can you give me any ideas about ___? —I can tell you the places I’ve visited. A. where go A. to do what

B. where to go B. what to do

C. when to go

D. when go

13. (2015邯郸一模) We don’t know ______ it next. Let’s go and ask Mr. Wang for help.

C. to do whether D. whether to do

14. (2015沧州一模) —Why not listen to BBC news to improve your listening skills? —It’s ______ difficult for me ______ follow. A. too; to when ______. A. go

B. to go

C. going

D. went

16. (2015河北中考综合试卷二) It’s clever ______ her to work out ______ many difficult math problems. A. for; so

B. of; such

C. of; so

D. for; such

17. (2015石家庄长安区一模) —Have you made up your mind ______ the blind kids? —By singing songs. A. what to do A. not to play

B. when to help B. not playing

C. how to cheer up D. where to look after C. not play

D. play

18. (2015石家庄18县联考) Teachers often tells us ______ with mobile phones in school.

B. so; that

C. such; that

D. so; too

15. (2015石家庄质量检测) My classmates will go to an old people’s room. But I don’t know

③动词-ing形式

功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾语补足语 状语 例句 Skating on the thin ice is dangerous. I finished doing my homework. The nurse’s job is looking after the patients. She is reading in the reading room. He kept the machine running for ten hours. They went out of the classroom，talking and laughing. - 4 - 跟郭老师学初中英语语法：非谓语动词