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时间名词前所用介词的速记歌 年月周前要用in,日子前面却不行。 遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in。 要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。 午夜黄昏须用at,黎明用它也不错。 at也用在明分前,说“差”可要用上to, 说“过”只可使用past,多说多练牢牢记, 莫让岁月空蹉跎。
下面就时间概念的介词用法做一简要介绍和比较。
1. at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。 at 1: 00 (dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)
these are our chief tasks at the present stage 这些就是我们现阶段的主要任 务。
2. on 1) 表示具体日期。
they arrived in sha nghai on may 25.他们在五月二十五日到达上海。
注:(1)关于\在周末\的几种表示法: at (on) the weekend 在周末---特指 at (on) weekends 在周末---泛指 over the weeke nd 在整个周末 duri ng the weeke nd 在周末期间
(2)在圣诞节,应说\而不说\
2) 在(刚……)的时候。
on reachi ng the city he called up his pare nts. — 到城里他就给父母打了一个电
话。
3. in
1) 表示\时段\、\时期\,在多数情况下可以和dur- ing互换,前者强调对比, 后者强调持续。in (during) 1988 (december, the 20th century)在一九八八年
(十二月、二十世纪)
i returned to beijing in the middle of june .我是六月中回北京的。 但如果表 示\在某项活动的期间\,贝U只能用during。
during my military service (the trip) 在我服役期间(在旅行期间) 2) 表示以说话时间为基点的\(若干时间)以后\,常用作将来时态谓语的 时间状语。如这时要表示\(若干时间)内\,常用within。比较:
the meeting will end in 30 minutes.(三十分钟后)会议三十分钟后结束。 can you
fin ish it within 30 mi nutes?(三十分钟内)你能在三十分钟之内
完成这件事吗?
但在过去时态中,in可用于表\在若干时间以内\,这时不要误用during。the job was done during a week (wrong)
the job was done in a week (right)这工作在一星期内就完成了。 4. after表示\在(某具体时间)以后\,注意不要和in的2)意混淆。
after supper(8 o' clock, the war)晚饭(八点、战)后 比较:he will be back in two hours.他将在两个小时以后回来。
he returned to his hometown after the war.战后他回至U了故乡。 5. for 表 示\
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(动作延续)若干时间\,有时可省略。i stayed in london( for) two days on my way to new york .在去纽约的途中,我在伦敦呆了两天。
6. since表示\自(某具体时间)以来\,常用作完成时态谓语的时间状语。
si nee liberation (1980)自从解放(1980 年)以来 they have bee n close friends since childhood.他们从小就是好朋友。 注:
(1) since the war是指\自从战争结束以来\,若指\自从战争开始以来\,须 说\nee the beg inning of the war。
(2) 不要将 si nee 与 after 混淆。 比较:he has worked here si nee 1965 (指 一段时间,强调时间段)自从1965年以来,他一直在这儿工作。he began to work here after 1965 (指一点时间,强调时间点)从1965年以后,他开始在这儿工作。
7. ........................ by表示\到 的时候\,其谓语时态的用法:动作动词常用完成时态; 状态动词(be)常用一般时态。
比较:
by noon,everybody had (will have) arrived there, by noon,everybody were (will be) there.到中午的时候,大家都(将)到那儿了。 以上探讨了介词表 示时间概念时的用法和比较,上述介词除表示时间概念外还有其他的用法,英语 学习者必须掌握其各种用法,才能灵活运用,提高自己的语言能力。
小学英语语法复习要点(一) 一、名词复数规则
1. 一般情况下,直接力卩-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2 .以 s. x. sh. ch结尾,力卩-es, 如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3. 以“辅音字母+y ”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4 .以“ f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives 5. 不规则名词复数:
man-men, woma n-wome n, policema n-policeme n, policewoma n-policewome n, mouse-mice child-childre n
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chin ese-Ch in ese, Japa nese-Japa nese
写出下列各词的复数
I watch day him child foot this photo book her diary dress tooth sheep box strawberry thief yo-yo peach san dwich man woma n paper juice water _______ milk _______ rice ________ tea __________
二、一般现在时 一般现在时基本用法介绍
【No. 1】一般现在时的功能
1. 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如: The
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sky is blue天空是蓝色的。
2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。女口: I get up at six every day我每天六点起床。 3. 表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the su地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时
的构成
1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy我是一个男孩。
2. 行为动词:主语 +行为动词 (+其它)。如: We study En glish我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it时,要在动词后加\或\。女口: Mary likes Chi nese玛丽喜欢汉语。
一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化。
否定句:主语 + be + not +其它。 女口: He is not a worker他不是工人。 一般疑问句: Be +主语+其它。 如: -Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句:疑问词 +一般疑问句。如: Where is my bike? 2. 行为动词的变化。
否定句:主语 + don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:
I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 does n't构成否定句。如:
He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句: Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形 +其它。如:
- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 does构成一般疑问句。如:
- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词 +一般疑问句。如: How does your father go to work? 动词+s的变化规则
1. 一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2. 以 s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,力卩-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3 .以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies 一般现在时用法专练一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink _______ go ______ stay ________ make ______ look _______ have ______ pass _____ carry ____ come _______ watch ______ plant _______ fly _______ study ______ brush _______ do _______ teach _______
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ______ (have) dinner at home.
:
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2. Daniel and Tommy _____ (be) in Class One. 3. We ______ (not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ____ they _______ (like) the World Cup?
6. What ______ they often ______ (do) on Saturdays?
7. _____ your parents ______ (read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl ______ (teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I _____ (take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ______ (be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _____ (like) cooking.
12. They _____ (have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt ______ (look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always ______ (do) your homework well. 15. I ______ (be) ill. I ' m staying in bed. 16. She ______ (go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _____ (do) not like PE.
18. The child often _____ (watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang ______ (have) eight lessons this term. 20. -What day ______ (be) it today?
- It ' s Saturday. 三、按照要求改写句子
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.改为否定句)
2.1 do my homework every day.改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)
4. Amy likes playing computer games.改为一般疑问句,作否定回答 ) 5. We go to school every morning.改为否定句) 6. He speaks English very well.改为否定句) 7. I like taking photos in the park.对划线部分提问) 8. John comes from Canada对划线部分提问)
9. She is always a good student改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
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10. Sim on and Dan iel like goi ng skati ng.改为否定句)
五、改错 (划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上 )
1. Is your brother speak English? ______________________ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _________________ 3. He likes play games after class. _____________________ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _________________ 5. She don 't do her homework on Sundays. __________________
三、现在进行时
1 .现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活 动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2. 现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为 be+动词ing. 3. 现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4. 现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be动词调到句首。
5. 现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为: 疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词 ing?
但疑问词当主语时其结构为: 疑问词不达意 + be + 动词 ing? 动词加 ing 的变化规则
1. 一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2. 以不发音的 e结尾,去 e力卩 ing,如: make-making, taste-tasting 3. 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 ing, 如: run-running, stop-stopping 现在进行时专项练习:
一、写出下列动词的现在分词: play _______ runswim ___ _____ make_ ________ write ___ ____ skigo_ _______ ______ like _ rea _______ have _______ _ sing __ ____ _____ danced _ uy ___ loveput_ _______ see _______ b ________ __________ live ______ take _________ come _______ get __________
stop ________ sit ________ begin ________ shop ___________
二、 用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1. The boy _________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls ______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother ________________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What ____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They ______________ ( have) an English lesson . 6. They __________ (not ,water) the flowers now. 7. Look! the girls _______________ (dance )in the classroom .
8. What is our granddaughter doing? She _______ (listen ) to music.
9. It 's5 o'clock now. We _____________ (have)supper now 10. _____ Helen ___________ (wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
三、 句型转换:
1. They are doing housework .分( 别改成一般疑问句和否定句 ) 2.The students are cleaning the classroom . 改( 一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答 ) 3.I'm playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问 ) 4.Tom is reading books in his study . 对( 划线部分进行提问 )
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