mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider 只接动名词做宾can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down 语的动词或短语 to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具意义基本相体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为） 同 need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式） 两意义相反 者都可以 意义不同 stop doing 停止正在做的事 remember/forget/regret to do（指动作go on to do（接着做另外一件尚未发生） 事） stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事 remember/forget/regret doing（指动作go on doing（接着做同一件事） 已经发生） try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力） mean to do（打算做，企图做） try doing（试试去做，看有何结果） mean doing （意识是，意味着） can’t help to do（不能帮忙做） can’t help doing（忍不住要做） III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：
常见动词 概念 ask, beg, expect, get, 主谓关系。强调动作将发生I heard him call me order, tell, want, wish, 或已经完成 encourage 不定式 have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make several times. 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间例句 notice, see, watch, 现在分词 主谓关系。强调动作正在进I found her listening to the radio. hear, find, keep, have, 行，尚未完成 feel 过去分词 多强调状态 动宾关系。动作已经完成，We found the village greatly changed. IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别：
区别 举例 与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，I have a lot of papers to type. 不定式 进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示I have a lot of papers to be 在谓语动词之前发生 typed. 动名词 通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系 Shall we go to the swimming pool? 与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语the boiling water / the boiled 现在分词 动作同时发生 water 与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在the developing country/the 谓语动作之前，现已经完成 过去分词 developed country the falling leaves / the fallen leaves V. 非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别：
区别 举例 多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作，做主语时可以My dream is to become a 借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主teacher. 不定语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问To obey the law is important. 式 主语或表语。 (dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task做主语时常用) 与不定式的功能区别不大，然而它更接近于名词，表It is no use saying that again 动名示的动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也and again. 词 可以用it做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位Teaching is my job. 置。 分词 无名词的性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质，The situation is 可以做表语，多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等，可encouraging. 被very, quite, rather等副词修饰。 The book is well written. 现在分词多含有“令人…”之意，说明主, 语的性质(常见分词有astonishing, 特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示moving, tiring, 被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到…”之意，主语disappointing, puzzling, 多是人。 shocking, boring, amusing及其-ed形式) 九．定语从句
I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词 who 先行词 从句成分 例句 人 主语 with your mother? Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working whom 人 宾语 The boy (whom) she loved died in the whom, which和war.. that在从句中I like those books whose topics are 做宾语时，常about history. 人，物 定语 可以省略，但The boy whose father works abroad is 介词提前时后my deskmate. 面关系代词不A plane is a machine that can fly. 能省略，也不人，物 主语，宾语 She is the pop star (that) I want to 可以用that see very much. The book (which) I gave you was worth which 物 $10. 主语，宾语 The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected as做宾语一般备注 Do you know the man who is talking whose 关系代词 that by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. when 关系where 副词 why 原因 地点 时间 不省略 I will never forget the day when we 时间状语 可用on which met there. 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which I can’t imagine the reason why he 原因状语 可用for which turned down my offer. II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别：
情况 用法说明 1．?? 先行词为all, everything, 例句 1.He told me everything that anything, nothing, little, much,等不定he knows. 代词时。 2.All the books that you 2．?? 先行词被all, any, every, each, offered has been given out. much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 3.This is the best film that I 只用that的情3．?? 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰have ever read. 况 时 4．?? 先行词既指人又指物时 4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5．?? 先行词被the only, the very修饰5.He is the only man that I 时 want to see. 6．?? 句中已经有who或which时，为了避6.Who is the man that is making 免重复时 1．?? 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 a speech? He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. 只用which, 2．?? 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语I like the person to whom the who, whom的情从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 teacher is talking. 况 3．?? 先行词本身是that时，关系词用Those who respect others are which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用usually respected by others. who。 III. as与which的区别：
定语从句 区别 限制性定名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系例句 He is not such a fool as he looks. Don’t read such books as you can’t 语从句中 代词用as,不能用which understand. They won the game, as we had as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如expected. 非限制性果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主They won the game, which we hadn’t 定语从句句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而expected. 中 which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无As is well known, he is a famous film “正如”的意思。 star in the 1980s. IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
类别 限制性定语思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分从句 密切，写时不用逗号分开。 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分非限制性定密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，His mother, whom he loved 语从句 相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代deeply, died ten years ago. 词做宾语时也不能省略。 time when I left. 语法意义及特征 对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意The accident happened at the 例句 十．名词性从句
种类 作用 常用关联词 例句 在复合句中做主语，相当于名that, whether, Whether he will come or not 词，一般置谓语之前，也可用if, as if, as doesn’t matter much. 主语从句 it作形式主语，主语从句放主though, who, Whoever comes here will be 句之后 whose, which, welcome. It looks as if it is going to snow. He asked me which team could win the game. 在复合句中做表语，相当于名how, when, 表语从句 词，位于系动词之后 where, why, what, 宾语从句 在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词 whatever,
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