English or Chinglish
——怎样写出地道的英语句子
湄潭县求是高级中学 陈庆飞
I love you so much! 我爱你很深!
英语汉语差几许?
文化差别与语法差别
据我所知 ,中文一开始应该是没有语法的 ,语法这个东西是从西方引进的,在中国以前连标点符号都没有。
一、英语重结构,汉语重语义 二、英语多长句,汉语多短句 三、英语多从句,汉语多分句
四、主语,宾语等名词成分“英语多代词,汉语多名词”
在句子中,英语多用名词和介词,汉语多用动词。 英语不仅有we、you、he、they等人称代词,而且还有that、which之类的关系代词,在长而复杂的句子,为了使句子结构正确、语义清楚,同时避免表达上的重复,英语往往使用很多代词。汉语虽然也有代词,但由于结构相对松散、句子相对较短,汉语里不能使用太多的代词,使用名词往往使语义更加清楚。 五、英语多被动,汉语多主动
英语比较喜欢用被动语态,科技英语尤其如此。汉语虽然也有\被\、\由\之类的词表示动作是被动的,但这种表达远没有英语的被动语态那么常见,因此,英语中的被动在汉译中往往成了主动。
六、英语多变化,汉语多重复
熟悉英语的人都知道,英语表达相同的意思时往往变换表达方式。第一次说\我认为\可以用\,第二次再用\显然就很乏味,应该换成\或\之类的表达。相比之下,汉语对变换表达方式的要求没有英语那么高,很多英语中的变化表达译成重复表达就行了。
七、英语多抽象,汉语多具体 careful consideration 深思熟虑
perfect harmony (和声;和睦)水乳交融 feed on fancies 画饼充饥
with great eagerness 如饥似渴
lack of perseverance 三天打鱼,两天晒网
make a little contribution (捐款;捐助)添砖加瓦 on the verge of destruction 危在旦夕 八、英语多引申,汉语多推理
英语有两句俗话:一是You know a word by the company it keeps.(要知义如何,关键看
词伙),二是Words do not have meaning, but people have meaning for them.(词本无义,义随人生)。这说明词典对词的定义和解释是死的,而实际运用中的语言是活的。 九、英语多省略,汉语多补充
英语一方面十分注重句子结构,另一方面又喜欢使用省略。英语省略的类型很多,有名词的省略,动词的省略,有句法方面的省略,也有情景方面的省略。在并列结构中,英语往往省略前面已出现过的词语,而汉语则往往重复这些省略了的词。例如:①Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.野心不仅是罪恶的根源,同时也是毁灭的根源。
十、英语多前重心,汉语多后重心
在表达多逻辑思维时,英语往往是判断或结论等在前,事实或描写等在后,即重心在前;汉语则是由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论,即重心在后。
五大简单句的句型: I 主 谓(不及物动词) I work in a school.
I have to work hard in the school to support my family. Robert lives alone in flat at present for peace. He is swimming.
1.他跑得很快。 2.他们将飞往伦敦。 II 主 谓 宾
She looks after her father carefully. I decide to see her in person.
1.他决定放弃她。 2.他几乎不知道怎么样写作文。 III 主 谓(系) 表
be; look, feel, sound, seem, taste, smell; become, go, turn, grow, fall; keep, remain, stay, lie, stand; turn out.
You are great! You are beautiful!
It gets late when I want to go home.
1.这是你应该牢记在心的事。2.夏天他最喜欢的事情是游泳。 IV 主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语
I would like to tell you you are making a mistake. I will ask you a question.
1.找到那头大象花了他好长时间。 2.买这辆新自行车花了他300元。 V 主 谓 宾 宾补
I can see the students playing football in the playground. I find you unhappy.
我们选他当我们的班长。2.他从来没有听过一句英语。
案例一、踢足球是我最喜爱的运动。
1 Play football is my favorite sport. 2 My favorite sport is play football. 案例二、几天前我看过那本书。
1 I saw that book a few days ago. 2 I have read the book a few days ago. 案例三、老师因为他考试作弊而处罚了他。 1 The teacher punished he for cheat in the exam. 2 Teacher punished him for cheating in the exam. 案例四、失踪的孩子已经找到,平安无事。 1 The missing child was found safely and well. 2 The missing child found safe and well. 案例五、我从事很多活动,时间都被填满了。
1 I have a lot of activities take up my time. 2 I have a lot of activities which spend/cost my time. 案例六、所有的同学都不喜欢这本书。 1 All the students don’t like the book. 2 Every student doesn’t like the book. 案例七、他讨厌别人那样对他说话。
1 He dislike spoken like that. 2 He dislikes being spoken as that. 案例八、你还没有读完那本书吗? 1 Have you finish to read that book yet? 2 Have you finished read the book yet? 案例九、操场上有很多学生在打篮球。
1 The playground has many students are playing basketball. 2 There have many students are playing basketball. 案例十、我设法除去了书包上的污渍。 1 I tried to move the mark on bag. 2 I managed to move the mark on the bag. 案例十一、我非常喜欢你!
1 I very like you! 2 I very much like you.
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