基于DSP的无刷直流电动机的 控制系统研究

基于DSP的无刷直流电动机的

控制系统研究

姓名： 班级： 学号：

摘要

近年来，随着电机控制技术、电力电子技术和微电子技术的快速发展，无刷直流电机作为一种高性能的电机已经被广泛应用。无刷直流电机像交流电机一样具有结构简单、维护方便、运行可靠等优点，同时也有直流电机的转矩大、运行效率高等优点，已经在运动控制领域取得了广泛的应用。特别是它在高性能的运动控制系统中的运用，使人们对无刷直流电机性能的要求也在不断的提高。在电机本体优化设计、电力电子装置的控制及各种先进控制策略等方面改善无刷直流电机性能，具有很大的社会效益和经济效益。

本文论述无刷直流电机控制原理，首先介绍了无刷直流电机的本体结构，并建立了数学模型。其次，根据无刷直流电机驱动的控制要求，以及无刷直流电机的功能和特点，采用TI公司的TMS320LF2407A的DSP控制芯片设计了无刷直流电机控制系统，并完成了控制系统的硬件、软件设计。最后对无刷直流电机控制系统建立simulink仿真平台，通过仿真验证系统控制算法和性能，为微处理器电机控制系统的设计和调试进行了验证。

关键词：无刷直流电动机;DSP控制;simulink建模和仿真

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In recent years, as rapid development of motor control technology, power electronic technology and the microelectronics technology, a high performance brushless DC motor (BLDCM) has been widely applied. BLDCM as well as AC motor has advantages of simple structure, convenient maintenance, reliable operation, but also has such as DC motor torque,

higher operating efficiency advantages. So it has been in the field of motion control of a wide range of applications.

This article discusses the brushless DC motor control theory, presents the body structure of brushless DC motors, and a mathematical model. Then, according to the brushless DC motor drive control requirements, as well as brushless DC motor functions and features, the use of TMS320F2812 DSP control chip design models of brushless DC motor control system, and completed the control system hardware and software design.Finally, the establishment of matlab simulation platform for brushless DC motor control system, the system control algorithms through simulation and performance microprocessor motor control system design and debug verified. Key words:BLDCM:DSP control:simulink modeling and simulation

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Abstract

目录

第一章 引言 ................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 无刷直流电机的发展与现状 ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 论文的研究意义 ............................................................................................................... 2 第二章 无刷直流电机控制分析 ................................................................................................... 3

2.1 电机结构分析 ................................................................................................................... 3 2.1.1 基本结构框图 ............................................................................................................... 3

2.1.2电机本体 ................................................................................................................ 3 2.1.3 转子位置传感器简介 ........................................................................................... 4 2.2 无刷直流电机工作原理 ................................................................................................... 5 第三章 控制系统硬件和软件设计方案 ....................................................................................... 9

3.1 控制芯片的选取 ............................................................................................................... 9 3.2 无刷直流电机控制系统方案设计 ................................................................................... 9

3.2.1 无刷直流电机控制技术的发展 ........................................................................... 9 3.2.2 有位置传感器的直流无刷电动机控制策略 ..................................................... 10 3.2.3 PWM波控制策略 .................................................................................................. 12 3.3 基于DSP技术控制的硬件设计 ..................................................................................... 12

3.3.1 硬件电路设计 ..................................................................................................... 12 3.3.2功率模块、驱动模块、保护电路设计 .............................................................. 13 3.3.3电源转换及复位电路 .......................................................................................... 14 3.3.4位置检测与调节 .................................................................................................. 15 3.3.5电流检测 .............................................................................................................. 16

第四章 无刷直流电机的控制系统建模和仿真 ......................................................................... 17

4.1 Simulink简介 .............................................................................................................. 17 4.2 无刷直流电机控制系统模型的建立 ............................................................................. 17

4.2.1 无刷直流电机总体模块 ................................................................................... 18 4.2.2 速度控制模块 ................................................................................................... 22 4.2.3 电流滞环控制模块 ........................................................................................... 23 4.2.4 电压逆变器模块 ............................................................................................... 25 4.2.5 简化仿真 ........................................................................................................... 26 4.3 仿真结果 ......................................................................................................................... 26 4.4 本章小结 ....................................................................................................................... 29 第五章 成本估算 ......................................................................................................................... 30

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