Unit 4 Cyberspace 语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 1、掌握will和be going to的用法区别。 2、掌握虚拟语气的基本用法。 一，will和be going to用法区别：
1. will的用法（will是情态动词，后接动词原形。常表示依据直觉、知识、经验等做出的揣测） ①will表将来存在的状态、将要发生的动作或将来的经常性、习惯性动作，常与时间状语next week, tomorrow等连用。
例：They will be doctors 5 years later. 五年后，他们将成为医生。 Each time he comes to the city on business, he will visit his English teacher. 每次来这个城市出差，他都会拜访他的英语老师。 I will go to Britain next week. 下星期我要去英国。 ②事物固有的属性、特征或发展的必然趋势。
例：It will become warm when spring comes. 当春天来临时，天气将变暖。 Fish will die without water. 鱼儿离开水会死。 ③说话时临时做出的决定。
—I hear Jim was injured in a car accident. He is in hospital now. 听说吉姆在一场交通事故中受伤了，现在在医院。 —Then I will go to see him. 那我这就去看他。 ④表示请求和邀请，常用于第二人称。
Will you come in and have a drink? 你愿意进来喝一杯吗？ ⑤说话者对未来作出语言和揣测。
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You will be all right after taking this medicine. 吃过这药你就会好了。 ⑥可以表意愿、意图、自愿或坚持做某事。
He’ll take you home. You only have to ask. 他愿意送你回家，你只要跟他说一声就行。 2. be going to的用法（打算，将要…）
①事先经过考虑或准备，打算最近或将来要做的事。
What are you going to be when you grow up? 等你长大，你想要成为什么？ ②根据现在的迹象，预计要发生的事。
The old man is so weak, he is going to die. 老人如此虚弱，他活不长了。 3. will与be going to表将来时的区别
①be going to可用于表将来时的条件状语从句中，而will不行。 错误：If you will play basketball, you have to finish your homework first. 正确：If you are going to play basket, you have to finish your homework first. ②will可以用在带有条件状语从句的主句中表将来，而be going to不行。 错误：If it is fine, we are going to go camping. 正确：If it is fine, we will go camping.
③be going to表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will表示的将来时间则更远一些。 He is going to writhe a letter tonight. 他打算今晚写封信。 He will write a book one day. 他打算将来写本书。
④will临时决定要做的事，be going to事先考虑要做的事。 —Why are you taking it out? 干嘛要把它拿出来？ —I’m going to wash it. 我想把它洗一洗。 —Where is the telephone book? 电话簿在哪里？ —I’ll get it for you. 我去给你拿。 二，虚拟语气
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1. if条件句中的虚拟语气
①与现在事实相反的虚拟语气：条件句谓语用“过去时（be动词一般用were）”，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
If I saw him now, I would be very happy. 如果我现在见到他，我会很高兴的。
②与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：条件句谓语用“过去完成时”，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might+ have+过去分词”。
If he had followed my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job. 如果他当时接受我的建议，就不会丢掉他的工作了。
③与将来事实相反的虚拟语气：条件句谓语用“过去时或should/were to+动词原形”，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might+ 动词原形”。
If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, we would take photos. 如果明天下雪，我们就照相。 ④混合虚拟语气：主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据所指的不同时间选择各自适当的形式。
If he hadn’t hurt his leg in the last training, he would join in the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in. 要是在上次训练中他的腿没受伤的话，他会参加他渴望已久的世界杯。 ⑤含蓄虚拟语气：有时为了表达的需要，假设的情况并不以if条件句表现出来，而是通过but for, without, otherwise, or等介词、副词暗含在上下文中。
But for your help, it would have caused a serious loss. 要不是你的帮助，将会导致巨大损失。 ⑥若条件从句中有were, had, should，可把if省略，把were, had, should放在主句前，形成倒装。 Had you taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the examination. 如果你听了我打建议，你就不会考试不及格了。
2. 其他从句中的虚拟语气
①在名词性从句中，表示命令，建议，要求等一类动词后面的宾语从句中用虚拟语气。
即一坚持insist；二命令order, command；三建议suggest, propose, advise；五要求require, request, demand, desire, urge + that+主语+(should) do。
He insisted that he (should) be sent here. 他坚持他应该被派去那里。
suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词的标语从句，同位语从句要用虚拟语气。
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②wish后面所跟的宾语从句的虚拟语气
对现在事实的虚拟：wish + 主语+动词过去式或were
I wish I knew where he lives. 我要是知道他住在什么地方就好了。 对过去事实的虚拟：wish + 主语+ had + 过去分词 This watch has gone wrong, I wish I had bought a better make. 这只表坏了，我真希望我买的是好点的牌子。 对将来事实的虚拟：wish + 主语+ would + 动词原形
I wish you wouldn’t leave your clothes all over the floor. 我真希望你不把衣服丢的满地都是。 ③would rather的虚拟语气，表示“宁愿，但愿”。
I’d rather you set out earlier tomorrow morning. 我宁愿你明天早晨早点出发。 ④It is (high/about) time (that) …的虚拟语气
It’s high time that you went to bed. 该是你睡觉的时间了。 ⑤if only引导的虚拟语气，表示愿望。
If only I had another chance. 要是我再有一次机会就好了。 ⑥as if从句，看语境是否与事实相反而选择是否使用虚拟语气.
She talked it again and again as if she would never end. 她反复谈论那件事，好像永远也谈不完。 例1. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _____ by scientists. A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made
例 2. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _____ visit Beijing this summer. A. is going to B. are going to
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