专题04 语法填空
2019高考语法填空
全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.【2019·
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【答案】61. that 62. poorly 63. of/for 64. to perform 65. have reported
66. belief 67. noting 68. higher 69. the 70. are
【解析】
【文章大意】 本文为科普类说明文。文章向我们介绍了目前北极熊的生存现状。近年来，在人类居住的地方看到北极熊的次数有所增加，这导致人们错误地认为北极熊的数量在上升，可事实并非如此。
61. that 考查名词性从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence内容，故填that。
62. poorly 考查形容词副词。分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
63. of/about 考查介词。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，methods of/for doing sth. 意为“……的方法”。故填of/for。
64. to perform考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语（主语+be +adj. + to do） 。句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，且在如此大区域内持续采用是很昂贵的。故填to perform。
65. have reported 考查动词时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，句中需用现在完成时态。故填have reported。
66. belief考查词性转换。由其前不定冠词和其后that引导的同位语从句可知，空格处需填名词形式。故填belief。
67. noting 考查非谓语动词。介词by后填动名词形式，此处表示主动故填noting。句意：对此，科学家们的回应是饥饿的熊可能正聚集在人类聚居地的周围。note在此处为动词，意为“指出”。
68. higher 考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处需用形容词的比较级，故填higher。 69. the 考查定冠词。此处特指“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”。故填定冠词the。
70. are 考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故需用复数谓语，时态为一般现在时。故填are。
全国II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 2.【2019·
A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”
【答案】61. being 62. which 63. finally 64. declared 65. to retire 66. have made 67. but 68. saying 69. a 70. wonderful 【解析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了一位90岁的英国女士Irene Astbury，因为仍然坚持每周上班，获得年度“年度女性奖”称号的故事。本文以积极工作为切入点，宣传劳动精神，引导考生培养劳动意识。 61. being考查非谓语动词。分析空格前面介词for，后面要求使用v-ing的形式，作介词的宾语，故填being。
62. which考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子中的the pet shop是真正的先行词，指物，空格后面的句子中
opened缺少宾语，故填which引导非限制性定语从句。
63. finally 考查副词。分析have 63 （final）been acknowledged语境可知，此处是副词修饰动词，作状
语， 故填finally。
64. declared 考查时态。分析本句的结构，缺少谓语，同时结合后面的句子中的had可知，使用一般过去时。
填declared。
65. to retire考查非谓语动词。根据语境，表示她宣布她现在还没有要退休的计划。此处使用不定式作plan
的后置定语。
66. have made考查时态。结合空格后面的时间状语over the years可知，在过去的多年里，她结交的朋友们，
因此说明已经做完的事情，故使用现在完成时。填have made。
67. but考查连词。与前面的句子I work not because I have to中的not构成一个固定结构，not…but…不是……
而是……，故填but。
68. saying考查非谓语动词。分析say与前面的call之间的关系可知，它们构成了主谓关系，填saying，作
后置定语，修饰前面的call。
69. a 考查冠词。根据前面We don't have any idea who put grandma forward我们不知道谁提名了祖母，以及
she was short-listed接到电话说她入围了，开始我们以为这是一个玩笑，a joke一个玩笑，故填a。 70. wonderful考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。根据前面的We are so proud of her.我们为她感到骄傲和自豪，分析本句空格前面是系动词is，后面跟形容词作表语，故填wonderful。
全国III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 3.【2019·
On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City. We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the
stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 61. so 62. to get 63. of 64. who 65. recommended 66. competition 67. traditional 【答案】
68. hugely 69. were 70. listening 【解析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在旅游时所居住的那家主人对他们的热情款待，传递了友善和和谐的情感。
61. so考查固定句型。分析结构可知，此处是结果状语从句，修饰副词hard应该填so。“so …that”句型，表示“如此……以至于”。
62. to get考查非谓语动词。根据结构判断此处是句型“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”，意思是“做某事花费某人多长时间”。
63. of 考查介词。固定短语：a pack of 意为“一群”。句意：首先欢迎我们的是一群狗的叫声，确切地说是七只狗。
64. who 考查定语从句。分析结构可知，masters是先行词，后面是定语从句。从句中缺少主语，判断用关系代词。又因为指代表示“人”的名词masters，所以填who。
65. recommended 考查动词时态。 从结构可知and连接两个并列谓语动词，所以判断空格处所填的词应该和shared一致，故填 recommended。
66. competition 考查词性转换。形容词interesting应该修饰名词，而且空前有不定冠词an，故填单数名词competition。
67. traditional 考查词性转换空格处于名词stories前，判断应该用形容词作定语。故填traditional。 68. hugely 考查词性转换。空格在句中位于形容词前，所以判断用副词作状语。故填hugely。
69. were invited 考查动词时态和语态。根据语境判断句子是讲述过去发生的事情，句中需用一般过去时；而且主语we和动词invite之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动形式。故填were invited。
70. listening 考查非谓语动词。分析结构可知，逗号后是非谓语短语作状语，而逻辑主语we和动词listen之间是主动关系，判断用现在分词。故填listening。
浙江】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 4.【2019·
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket,
there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them. But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【答案】56. has/will have 57. the 58. that/which 59. cycling 60. easily 61. to 62. improved 63. to wear 64. connection/connections 65. traditional 【解析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了穿校服的各种好处。
56. has/will have考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本文通篇以一般现在时为主。分析句子结构可知，主语是nobody，所以谓语动词用has。同时根据When引导的时间状语从句谓语动词用一般现在时态可知，主句也可以用一般将来时will have。
57. the 考查冠词。 根据same可知，前面一定用the，表示“同样的衣服样式”。
58. that/which 考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是定语从句，先行词为a piece of cloth，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which。
59．cycling 考查非谓语动词。 根据上文walking和or可知，此处需要与walking结构一致的现在分词，故填cycling。
60． easily 考查副词。 根据句中can see them可知，需要easy的副词形式来修饰动词，故填easily。 【易错点拨】注意easy的副词是easily，而不是easely或写成easyly。
61． to 考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处是the answer to the question结构，表示“问题的答案”，故用介词to。
62. improved 考查谓语动词。 根据空前的谓语动词found可知，此处that引导的是宾语从句，而从句中缺少谓语动词，同时根据found可知，时态是过去时态，故填improved。【易错点拨】注意improved表示“提高、改进”，此处是主动形式，而不要写成were improved。
63． to wear 考查非谓语动词。 分析句子结构可知，此处为不定式作want后面的宾语，故用to wear。【知识拓展】非谓语动词作状语时，doing通常表示与主语同时发生且是主动关系；done表示与主语之间是被
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