公交车语音报站系统---毕业论文

石家庄铁道大学四方学院毕业设计

公交车语音报站系统的设计

The Design of the Bus Stop Announcement

System

2012 届 电气工程 系 专 业 电子信息工程 学 号 20086288 学生姓名 范亚静 指导教师 高迎霞

完成日期 2012年 5 月 15 日

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毕业设计成绩单

学生姓名 范亚静 学号 20086288 班级 方0809-1 专业 电子信息工程 毕业设计题目 公交车语音报站系统的设计 指导教师姓名 高迎霞 指导教师职称 讲师 评 定 成 绩 指导教师 得分 评阅人 答辩小组组长 成绩： 得分 得分 院长(主任) 签字： 年 月 日 word文档 可自由复制编辑

毕业设计任务书

题 目 学生姓名 范亚静 学号 20086288 电气工程系 公交车语音报站系统的设计 班级 方0809-1 专业 导师 姓名 高迎霞 电子信息工程 导师 职称 讲师 承担指导任务单位 一、主要内容 实现单片机与语音控制芯片系统互联，通过按键，系统可播报相应的车站信息或者公益提醒。 二、基本要求 1、使用STC89系列单片机配合数字语音芯片、液晶屏开发； 2、ISD4004-08M或者相同性能的数字语音模块； 3、使用Keil C编程。实现相关逻辑控制； 4、电路原理图设计，protel印刷电路图设计； 5、提出系统设计框图，提出相应的解决方案； 6、需单片机和芯片，开发电路板； 7、分为软件和硬件两个部分的开发。 三、主要技术指标 1、可实现语音的录放控制； 2、电路原理图； 3、使用说明书撰写； 4、论文正文不少于1万字，查阅文献资料不少于10篇，其中外文文献2篇以上，翻译与课题有关的外文资料不少于3000汉字。 四、应收集的资料及参考文献 C语言开发； 关于STC89系列相关单片机开发文档。 五、进度计划 第 1 周—第 2周 收集资料，完成开题报告 第 3 周—第 4周 需求分析，概要设计 第 5 周—第 7周 详细设计 第 8 周 中期检查 第 9 周—第12周 写论文 第13周—第14周 论文审核定稿 第15周—第16周 答辩 教研室主任签字 时 间 年 月 日 word文档 可自由复制编辑

毕业设计开题报告

题 目 学生姓名 范亚静 学号 公交车语音报站系统的设计 20086288 班级 方0809-1 专业 电子信息工程 一、研究背景 随着国民经济的快速发展，我国城市人口高度集中并大幅增长，私家车拥有量也急剧上升，交通需求不断扩大导致城市道路交通拥挤，乘坐公交车出行是解决我国城市交通发展问题的有效途径，随着近年来城市公交事业迅速发展，以前靠售票员报站的方式已经不能满足实际需要，在到站后能够及时报站的公交车语音报站系统不但能解决这个实际问题也有助于提高公交服务质量。 二、国内外研究现状 目前，公交车自动报站主要有以下三种方式：1、通过全球定位系统（GPS）的用户终端接收工作卫星的导航信息，从而解算出车辆的经纬度信息，进而计算出实时坐标，将其与站点坐标相比较，当车辆驶入站点一定距离范围内时，不用人工干预，系统自动报站；2、利用无线射频识别（Radio Frequency Identification）技术，在每一个公交站台设置一个具有唯一ID的射频发射器，采用间歇工作方式发射信号，当公交车即将到达车站时，车载系统接收到站信号并解码出站台的ID号，由单片机控制自动播放对应站台编号的报站语音；3、对车轮轴的转角脉冲进行计数，将计数值和预置值对比，即可确定报站时刻，达到准确报站的目的。 语音报站器的种类也大致分为四类： 1、一般语音报站器 原理是到站前司乘按动进站按钮开始报站，出站时按下出站按钮开始报下站站名，通过序号记录各个站点。优点是成本低，缺点是需要司机时刻关注进站状态分餐司机注意力存在驾车安全隐患问题。 2、门控语音报站 原理是将开门关门时转换信号和语音报站器连接，开关门时自动报站。优点是成本较低，缺点是不能提前报站，报站容易出现错误混乱。 3、无限信标语音报站器 原理是在每个公交车站点设置发射信标点，公交车临近到站点50m 左右会收到信标信号开始报站，出站50m后信号消失预报下一站点。优点是报站准确，缺点是需要为每个站点建立无限发射信标，费用较高公交车数量多时存在频率干扰问题。 4、GPS自动语音报站器 原理是在公交车上安装GPS自动语音报站器自动识别站点并报告站点消息，优点是报站精确无需人工操作，缺点是成本昂贵难以普及。 三、研究方案 1、使用STC89系列单片机配合数字语音芯片、液晶屏开发； 2、ISD4004-08M或者相同性能的数字语音模块； 3、使用Keil C编程。实现相关逻辑控制； 4、电路原理图设计，protel印刷电路图设计； 5、提出系统设计框图，提出相应的解决方案； 6、需单片机和芯片，开发电路板； 7、分为软件和硬件两个部分的开发。 word文档 可自由复制编辑

四、预期结果 当系统进行语音录制时，语音信号通过语音录入电路送给语音合成电路中的语音芯片，由语音芯片进行数据处理，并将生成的数字语音信息存储到语音存储芯片中，从而建立语音库。 当系统进行语音再生时，单片机控制语音合成电路中的语音芯片来读取其外接的存储器内部的语音信息，并合成语音信号，再通过语音输出电路，进行语音报站和提示。同时，单片机通过程序读取文字信息，送入液晶显示模组来进行站数和站名的显示。当汽车到达某站时，司机或乘务人员通过键盘来控制系统进行工作。 五、主要技术指标 1、可实现语音的录放控制； 2、电路原理图； 3、使用说明书撰写； 4、论文正文不少于1万字，查阅文献资料不少于10篇，其中外文文献2篇以上，翻译与课题有关的外文资料不少于3000汉字。 指导教师签字 时 间 年 月 日 word文档 可自由复制编辑

摘 要

随着国民经济的快速发展，我国城市人口高度集中并大幅增长, 交通需求不断扩大导致城市道路交通拥挤，乘坐公交车出行是解决我国城市交通发展问题和实践低碳环保绿色出行的有效途径，随着近年来城市公交事业迅速发展，之前靠售票员报站的方式已经不能满足实际需要，在到站后能够及时报站的公交车语音报站系统不但能解决这个实际问题也有助于提高公交服务质量。

本设计介绍了基于单片机的公交车语音报站系统的设计,对系统软件设计和硬件实现进行了详细的描述，主要内容是用STC89C52单片机为核心控制元件，ISD4004语音芯片为录音模块，以液晶屏为显示模块，以独立按键K1、K2为输入设备，扬声器为语音输出设备，设计一个带语音报站和液晶显示功能的公交车报站系统。先将语音内容通过录音键录入语音芯片中，当按下放音键时，语音模块进行放音同时通过液晶屏显示对应的文字信息。本系统运行稳定，硬件电路简单，软件功能完善，控制系统可靠，具有一定的实用和参考价值。

关键词： 单片机 语音提示 液晶屏 公交报站

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Abstract

With the take-off of the national economy, China's urban population is remarkably exploding. The increasing demand for transports gives rise to traffic congestion in urban areas. Therefore, public bus system is not only an efficient way to solve the problem of traffic congestion but a way to put the “Low-Carbon Transportation” into of date. The recent development of public transportation requires a phonetic system which can automatically announce bus stations. The advanced system is conducive to solving many problems and improving service quality in transportation.

This paper introduces the automatic stop announcer based on STC89C52 and aims to explicitly describe the software and hardware applied in the system. The main features of the system are that STC89C52 is used for core controlling components, ISD4004 pronunciation chip for recording, LCD12864 screen for video displays, independent key K1 and K2 for input device, loudspeaker for output device. This is designed for a stop announcement and display system for buses. The voice message is recorded in the pronunciation chip in advance. When the “Play” key is pressed, the voice of station announcement simultaneously appears with the information on the screen. This system enjoys the advantage of stability, simplicity and reliability. The full-featured system is an ideal model and is easily put into use.

Key words: Microcontroller Voice prompt LCD screen Bus stop announcer

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目 录

第1章 绪论 ·········································································································· 1 1.1 课题研究的背景 ····························································································· 1 1.2 课题研究的意义 ····························································································· 1 1.3 课题研究的主要内容 ······················································································· 1 第2章 系统总体设计方案 ························································································ 3 2.1 功能要求 ······································································································ 3 2.2 设计思路 ······································································································ 3 2.3 方案选择 ······································································································ 3 2.3.1 显示模块选择方案 ····················································································· 3 2.3.2 按键选择方案 ··························································································· 4 2.3.3 芯片选择方案 ··························································································· 4 2.4 总体设计框图·································································································· 5 第3章 系统硬件设计 ······························································································ 6 3.1 概述 ············································································································ 6 3.2 主控模块 ······································································································ 6 3.2.1 STC89C52芯片的简介 ················································································ 6 3.2.2 主控模块电路原理图 ·················································································· 9 3.3 语音芯片模块 ································································································ 9 3.3.1 ISD4004芯片简介 ····················································································· 9 3.3.2 LM386芯片简介 ····················································································· 13 3.3.3 语音芯片模块电路原理图 ·········································································· 15 3.4 LCD液晶显示模块························································································ 15 3.4.1 组成结构 ······························································································· 16 3.4.2 引脚功能 ······························································································· 16 3.5 按键控制模块 ······························································································ 17 3.5.1 按键控制模块电路原理图 ·········································································· 18 第4章 系统软件设计 ···························································································· 19 4.1 录音模块设计 ······························································································ 20 4.2 放音模块设计 ······························································································ 20 4.3 显示模块设计 ······························································································ 21 4.4 键盘扫描模块设计 ························································································ 22 第5章 系统分析与调试 ························································································· 24 第6章 结论与展望 ······························································································· 27 参考文献 ·············································································································· 28 致谢 ···················································································································· 29 附录 ···················································································································· 30

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附录A 外文资料 ······························································································· 30 附录B 硬件原理图 ···························································································· 45 附录C 程序清单 ······························································································· 46

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第1章 绪 论

1.1 课题研究的背景

随着社会经济的发展，城市化进程越来越快，城市人口急剧增加从而使城市交通压力不断增大，在倡导绿色低碳环保的今天，公交车作为城市公共交通的重要方式，是城市居民出行的重要工具。因为公交车具有方便、快捷、经济实惠等优点。公共汽车为外出的人们提供了方便快捷的服务，而公共汽车的报站直接影响到服务的质量。

1.2 课题研究的意义

传统由乘务人员人工报站的方式工作强度大且效果差，并需要大量的人力资源。而通过单片机和语音芯片的结合，使得公交车到站信息及提示信息以语音和显示的方式告知乘客，为市民提供更人性化，完善的服务，并且节省了大量的人力资源。

公交车语音报站系统还可以结合每条线路的特点和实际情况自主设定不同的报站方式和站点设置，在为乘客提供方便的同时也便于公交车的运营和司乘人员的操作。

1.3 课题研究的主要内容

本论文主要是对C语言和单片机的一些基本知识、概念的应用学习和研究，以及STC89C52芯片模块、ISD4004语音模块和LCD12864液晶屏的开发设计，该设计的目的是设计一实现单片机与语音控制芯片系统互联，通过按键，系统可播报相应的车站信息或者公益提醒，也可以实现录音和放音功能。本设计的主要工作有以下几个方面：

1、整体方案的设计

方案的选择要符合芯片功能的要求，既要保证操作简单适合公交司机操作，又要体现出本产品的特点，本文研究设计的带录音功能的公交车语音报站系统是采用STC89C52单片机和ISD4004语音芯片，用来实现公交车站信息的播放以及录音和放音功能，用LCD12864带中文字库的液晶显示屏实现公交站名的显示。

2、程序流程图及软件设计

一个程序要想实现其功能，不能没有次序而盲目下手，必须对其有一个全面的了

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