非限定动词是谓语的非谓语形式，不受人称和数的限制，在句中可以做除谓语以外的其他任何成分，非限定动词有三种，即不定式、动名词和分词。 第一节
不定式具有动词性质，在句中可有自己的宾语，并可被状语所修饰。 同时还具有名词、形容词和副词的性质， 在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补语、定语、状语等成分。 动词不定式作主语
不定式短语可放在句首作动词be, seem, appear 等词的主语。
To study the structure of the plant is necessary for every student learning agriculture. To become a good teacher was my hope.
在现在英语中， 经常把代词it 放在句首作形式主语， 而把真正的主语（不定式）放在句末。 It is impossible for her to buy the car with cash. It took us three weeks to finish the work. It is very kind of you to help us. 动词不定式作表语
动词不定式可以作表语， 通常说明或解释主语的内容， 也可表示将来的动作。 Our purpose is to finish the job in three weeks.
The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers. 动词不定式作宾语。
英语中有一部分动词常跟不定式作宾语。 She hopes to get something from the sales. I guarantee to pay off his debt.
The children refused to listen to me. 常这样用的动词有： Agree同意 Afford担负得起 Arrange安排 Ask 要求 Attempt试图 Bother麻烦 Care 愿意 Choose 愿意 Claim 声称 Consent同意 Decide 决定 Demand要求 Determine决定 Endeavor努力 Fail未能 Forget忘记 Happen碰巧 Hesitate犹豫 Hope 希望 Learn 学会 Long渴望 Manage设法 Neglect忽视 Offer提出 Plan打算 Prepare准备 Proceed继续 Promise保证 Prove证明 Resolve决心 Seek试图 Seem似乎 Tend倾向于 Threaten威胁 Trouble麻烦 Try努力 Undertake承担 Volunteer志愿 Want想要 Wish希望 Guarantee确保 Refuse拒绝 Determined 决心 Pretend假装 如果动词不定式作宾语而又跟宾补，这是要用“it”作形式宾语，而将不定式放到补语的后面。 I believed it wrong to tell it to her.
I feel it an honor to be asked to speak here. 四．不定式作宾补
1.有些动词后面常接不定式短语作宾语补足语。 She wished those books to be returned sooner. My parents won’t allow me to stay out late. 这样的词有：
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Advise劝告 Allow允许 Ask要求 Beg请求 Compel强迫 Mean意欲 Oblige迫使 Order命令 Permit允许 Command指挥 Encourage鼓励 Expect期望 Forbid禁止 Prefer宁愿 Remind提醒 Request要求 Teach教 Force迫使 Instruct指示 Invite邀请 Like喜欢 Tempt引诱 Urge激励 Want想要 Wish希望 Entitle给---权利 Intend打算要 Persuade说服 2. 在某些动词短语vote for , call on, count on, rely on, depend on, long for, wait for 等后面，也可以跟to不定式作补语。
You can’t depend on him to come punctually. We are longing for the holiday to come.
在think, consider, believe, find, feel, know, declare, guess, prove, suppose, imagine 等词后面， 常跟“to be +形容词（也可以是名词或反身代词）”结构， 但是to be 常可以省去。
We sometimes imagine a desert island (to be) a sort of paradise, where the sun always shines. I consider him (to be) my best friend. 五．不定式作定语
1.不定式用在the first, the second, the last, the only+名词 等短语后面作定语。 He was the first to arrive.
She was the only one to survive the crash.
不定式常放在某些名词和代词后面作定语。
不定式作定语与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或动状关系等。 I’m not sure which restaurant to eat at.
We are in need of nurses to look after the children. He give me a week to make up my mind.
Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us. 常这样用的名词有： Ability能力 Agreement同意 Ambition雄心 Anxiety焦急 Attempt意图 Claim声明 Decision决定 Failure失败 Intention打算 Hope希望 Need需要 Plan计划 Promise诺言 Refusal拒绝 Reluctance不情愿 Resolution决定 Tendency倾向 Threat威胁 Willingness愿意 Readiness愿意 Wish希望 Determination决心 3.如果作定语的不定式为不及物动词，其后需要加介词。 They have no happiness to speak of. Children use pencils to write with.
“介词+which+不定式 ”作定语， which 代替前面的中心词。 I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people. You have a number of topics from which to choose. 六．动词不定式作状语。
1.不定式也可跟在某些形容词后面或动词后面作原因状语。 She wept to see him in such a terrible state. He was an idiot not to have realized it.
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I have enjoyed my visit here. I’ll be very sorry to leave. Happy幸福 Glad高兴 Astonished吃惊 Surprised吃惊 Amazed吃惊 Sad伤心 Overjoyed极度高兴 2.不定式作目的状语。 不定式作目的状语即可放在句首也可放在句尾， 为了加强语气， 也可用“so as to 或 in order to do” 结构作目的状语。 In order to 即可放在句首也可放在句尾，so as to 只能放在句尾。
I worked hard in order for my son to go to hospital.
To /in order to master English, you must spend much effort on it. They did anything in order to/ so as to make money. 3.不定式可与其他词搭配作结果状语。
（1）“ too+ adj/adv+ to do” , 意为“太----而不能” They reached the station too late to catch the train.
He was too shrewd a businessman to accept the first offer. The problem was too complicated for to solve.
(2) only/all +too+ adj/adv+to do, too+ adj/adv+not to do” 意为“非常” I am only too pleased to accept your kind invitation. We are all too willing to help you.
He is too wise not to solve the problem.他非常聪明必能解决这个问题。 （3） “adj/adv+enough+to do”,意为“足以-----”
She speak slowly enough to make us hear her clearly.她讲的很慢，所以能使我们听清楚。 We found the newly-built hall big enough to hold 2000 people. 我们发现这个新建的大厅很大， 足以容纳2000人。
（4） “only(just) to do” 表示令人失望的，不愉快的结果。 He hurried to the station just/only to learn that the train had left.
He went home from his holiday only to find that his house had been stolen. (5). “so+adj/adv+as to do”, “ such+n+as to do” 表示结果。
She spoke so quickly as to make us not understand what she expressed. He can’t have done such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting for so long. (6).有时也可用“介词+there+be”结构， 不定式短语在句中作结果状语。 It was too late________any taxi.
A.to be B. being C. to have D. for there to be 七．“连词+动词不定式”的用法
连接词“what, how, when, where, whether 等+动词不定式”结构可作主语、表语、宾语等。 What to do next remains undecided. I wonder whether to write or phone. I asked him how to learn English.
Our difficulty is where to get enough food.
注：有时这一结构也可跟在介词后面。 例如： I have no idea of how to solve the problem. 八．动词不定式的逻辑主语。
不定式在使用中可以有自己的逻辑主语， 主要有两种形式。
1.“for+名词（或代词的宾格）+不定式”，即可放在句首也可放在句尾。 For foreigners to study Chinese is difficult. It is important for him to attend the meeting. His idea is for us to go in two different cars.
2.在表示人物性格、特征等形容词之后，常用of 引出不定式的逻辑主语，of 引导的不定式短
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语只能放在后面作主语。
It was very nice of you to drink so much of us. It’s very kind of you to think so much of us. It’s very kind of you to help us. How foolish of him to say so! 常用的这类形容词有： Absurd荒唐的 Bold大胆的 brave勇敢的 careful细心的 clever聪明的 Courageous有勇气的 cruel残忍的 good好心的 Honest诚实的 Kind善良的 nice正派的 Wicked邪恶的 wise明智的 Wrong错误的 Considerate考虑周到的 Greatful感激地 Careless粗心的 Follish愚蠢的 Polite有礼貌的 silly愚蠢的 Right正确的 rude无礼的 Stupid愚蠢的 Thoughtful考虑周到的 九．不带to 的动词不定式 1.在表示感觉的动词如feel, hear, see, watch, observe, listen to, look at, notice 以及使役动词 let, make, have等后面作宾补的不定式要省去to . I felt the house shake.
His neighbor observed a stranger go into his house. Have you noticed her cry?
但如果变为被动语态时不能省去to .
He was seen to take the money.
He was made to leave school by his father’s death.
2.help后面的不定式， 可以带to 也可以不带to . 但是， 当变为被动语态时，不能省略to . She helped me to hang the curtains.
This book can help you to arrange your time scientifically. The boy was helped by a woman to collect his scattered coins.
3.不定式通常不能直接跟在介词后面， 但是可以接在介词but 和except 后面作宾语。
在这一用法中，如介词前面有实义动词do , 介词后跟省去to 的不定式；否则， 要跟带to 的不定式。
I don’t have any choice except(but) to give up the plan. There was nothing for them to do but remain silent.
I did not know what to do with the dying cat except clasp it to my bosom. 4.当主语部分有实义动词do 时，作表语的不定式可以省略to, 如没有实义动词do，表语中的to 不能省去。
What we can do is continue to wait.
The thing for them to do is manage to raise enough money for the project.
在cannot, cannot help but, can’t choose but, had better, would( will, could) you please, may( might) as well, would rather, would sooner 等习惯用法中跟不带to的不定式。 She can’t help but weep at the painful news. I would sooner resign than work under that boss. Will you please drive me home? We had better start at once.
在用and, rather than, or, than 等连接两个不定式并且作用相同时， 常省略第二个不定式符号to . He always prefers to start early rather than (to) leave everything to the last minute. She started to shout and cry.
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