虚拟语气
一．语气的定义和种类 1. 语气的定义
语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2. 语气的种类 A. 陈述语气
表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句。 We are not ready.
Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气
表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Open the door, please.
Don’t forget to close the window. C. 虚拟语气
表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 二．虚拟语气
1. 条件句中的虚拟语气
if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别
If he has time, he will go with us. （Probably he has time and will go with us.） If he had time, he would go with us. （But in fact he has no time.） ★★★虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词构成形式如下表 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 if条件句中的谓语动词 过去式 (did/ be动词用were) 过去完成时（had + done） 1. 过去式(did/ be动词用were) 2. should +do (动词原形) 3. were to +do (动词原形) 主句的谓语动词 would/could/might/should+do (动词原形) would/could/might/should+ have done(过去分词) would/could/might/should+do(动词原形) 与将来事实相反 ①If he had time now, he would go with you.( 与______事实相反)
②If he were not busy now, he would go with you. ( 与______事实相反)
③If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met the famous singer. (与______事实相反)
④If it were to snow/should snow/ snowed this evening, they would not go out. (与______事实相反) 练习：
与现在事实相反的句子
①If you_______ here, you__________ the famous star.如果你在这里，你就会见到这位明星。 ②If I ________ the place, I would lead you there. 如果我知道这个地方，我会带你去的。 与过去事实相反
①If he________ about computers, we____________ him to work here.如果他学过电脑，我们
就可能录用他。
②If I ________ time., I____________ to the party with you. 如果我有时间，我就和你一起去参加聚会了。
③If we_________ ten minutes earlier, we_____________ the bus.如果我们早到十分钟，我们就不会错过火车了。 与将来事实相反
①If you___________ him to come here tomorrow, I ________ also come. 如果你邀请他明天来这儿，我或许也会来。
②If it __________tomorrow, the crops ___________. 如果明天下雨，庄稼就会得救了。 ③If you__________ tomorrow, you ____________ the general manager. 如果你们明天过来，你们就能见到经理。
2.错综时间的虚拟语气（或混合虚拟语气）
若条件从句与主句中的时间不一致，则根据各自的时间状语分别使用相应的谓语动词形式。 常见的两种形式： If条件句的谓语动词 与过去事实相反： had done(过去分词) 主句的谓语动词 与现在事实相反： would/should/could/might +do(动词原形) 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反： 过去式（be动词用were） would/should/could/might +have done(过去分词) 例如： ①If I had followed the doctor’s advice, I would be quite all right now.（条件句说明过去的情况，主句中说明现在的情况）
②If I were you, I would have taken his advice.( 条件句说明________的情况，主句中说明_______的情况)
③If I _________(take) an umbrella with me this morning, I would not be wet now. ( 条件句说明________的情况，主句中说明_______的情况)
④If it__________(rain) last night, it ___________(be)very cold today. ( 条件句说明________的情况，主句中说明_______的情况)
⑤If he had listened to me, he ______ （not, be）in such trouble now. ⑥If he ______________(telephone) me last night, I would see him now.
⑦If China ___________(not, liberate), the working people would still be leading a miserable life.
3. 虚拟条件句中的省略倒装
若if条件句中含有were, had(助动词), should，可将if省去，将were, had, should提到主语之前。
①If you had invited us, we would have come to your party. == Had you invited us, we would have come to your party. ②If I were you, I would do more practice after class. == Were I you, I would do more practice after class. ③If there should be an earthquake, what would you do? == Should there be an earthquake, what would you do?
练习：
(1)将下列句子改成倒装句
①If he had worked harder, he would have succeeded in the examination.
②If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
③If they were to arrive tomorrow, we should be glad.
④If it were not for the cloud, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.
⑤If I had not followed his advice then, I would not have done the job so well.
(2) 用所给词的正确形式填空
①_______ it rain next week, we would put off the sports meeting off.
②Had we________(know) each other earlier, I would have helped you to set up the company.
4.含蓄虚拟语气
有时虚拟的条件并不是直接通过条件句来表达，而是用一些词(如without，with，but for, otherwise, or, but) 或通过上下文来说明，这种句子叫含蓄条件句。（虚拟主句） ①Without music, the world would be very dull.
②But for your help, I wouldn’t have made such great progress. ③We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we should have been late. 练习：
①We___________(put) John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
②I____________(go) through that bitter period without your generous help.没有你的慷慨帮助，我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子。
③I’m really very busy, otherwise I _________(go) there with you. 我真的很忙，否则我会和你一起去的。
*④I would have gone to the party, but I was (be) too busy. 三．虚拟语气的其他用法 1.would rather + 宾语从句 宾语从句中要用虚拟语气 与现在或将来事实相反 与过去事实相反 宾语从句中谓语动词的形式 过去式（be动词用were） had done ①I would rather you ______ (come) here tomorrow.
②I would rather you_______(tell) the truth. 我宁愿你没有告诉我真相。
2. wish+宾语从句 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 宾语从句中谓语动词的形式 过去式（be动词用were） had done 与将来事实相反 would/could/might/should+do(动词原形) ①I wish (that) he __________(visit) us tomorrow.
②I wish I _____(know) the answer.我希望我知道答案。 ③I wish I _____(be) ten years younger.
④I wish that I ______(go) to the football match last week. ⑤I wish that you_________(be)here yesterday. ⑥I wish I _______ (see)you yesterday.
3.if only引导的虚拟条件句 (要是?就好了，但愿)
与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 If only从句中谓语动词的形式 过去式 (did/ be动词用were) 过去完成时（had + done） would/could + do ① If only I _______ a bird.
② If only I _________(listen)to you.要是我听了你的话就好了。
③ If only he_________(come)with us. 要是他明天会/能和我们一起走该多好。
4. it is (high/about) time that+主语+过去式/ should+动词原形 “(早)该做某事了”
e.g.It is time that I went to school.
It is high/ about time that I should go to school. ①It is high time that we______(have)supper.
②It is time that measures __________(take)to stop pollution. ③It is about time that you _________(get) the car repaired.
*** it is time for sb to do sth
5. as if，as though 引导的状语从句或表语从句中有时用虚拟语气
与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 as if/though从句中谓语动词的形式 过去式 (did/ be动词用were) 过去完成时（had + done） would/could /might/should + do 注意：如果表示确有可能发生，则不用虚拟语气。
①He walks as if he were drunk. (事实上他并没有醉) ②He walks as if he is drunk. (事实是他很有可能醉了)
③After I introduced them to each other, they began to talk warmly as if they ___________ (know) each other for long.
④It is so cloudy. It looks as though it_________(rain).
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