课时提能练(十六)
必修4 Unit 1 Women of achievement
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
A convincing speech 1.was delivered (deliver) by a psychologist at yesterday's conference 2.arguing (argue) about how parenting styles affect children's 3.behavior(behave). In his opinion, children must be punished when they fail 4.to observe (observe) public rules and regulations. If a child behaves well, he deserves to be praised and rewarded then and there. There are many experts 5.supporting (support) his viewpoint, saying that kids won't learn right from wrong if parents don't intend 6.to punish(punish)．
B
The library door is opened at 7 p．m. and the students come crowding 7.in. When evening falls, many students enter the library to read books 8.in connection with their courses. Some choose to refer 9.to reference books or dictionaries when they come 10.across problems in their studies. Some even carry 11.on their studies in the library till late into the night. They know success doesn't happen 12.by chance. Only by working hard now can they possibly avoid being looked down 13.upon and lead 14.an easy life in the future.
C
A man came 15.flying (fly) round the corner and bumped into me. He looked so familiar that I must have seen him somewhere. Suddenly 16.it hit me that he was just the criminal the police had wanted. What should I do? Trying to stop or catch him meant 17.putting (put) my life at risk. Fortunately, two policemen arrived soon and the man was arrested. Only then 18.did I feel my heart beating fast and my legs trembling slightly.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．一旦你理解了规则，物理就不难学了。(once) Physics is easy to learn once you understand the rules. 2．在那么重要的考试中他竟然查阅笔记，真是太愚蠢了。(refer to)
It was too foolish of him to refer to his notes during that important test. 3．你把钱花在有价值的事业上是明智的。(worthwhile) It is wise of you to spend the money on a worthwhile career． 4．我忽然想起来忘了锁门了。(hit) It hit me that I had left the door unlocked. 5．就我看来，只有通过努力学习你才能在学习上取得进步。
①As far as I'm concerned, only by studying hard will you make progress in your study. (倒装句)
②As far as I'm concerned, it is only by studying hard that you will make progress in your study. (强调句)
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·昆明市诊断测试)Who're happier, men or women? Research shows it's a complex question and that asking whether males or females are happier isn't really that helpful, because basically, happiness is different for women and men.
Women's happiness has been declining for the past 30 years, according to recent statistics. And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men. Gender (性别) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the difference.
Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings. Women are more likely to express happiness, warmth and fear, which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver, while men display more anger, pride and disrespect, which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.
Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially, but also genetically related. Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons (镜像神经元) than males when they process feelings. Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other people's view, to understand their actions and intentions. This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness. Women tend to experience more negative
feelings, such as more guilt, shame and to a lesser degree, embarrassment.
Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings. With the exception of anger, women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others. Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciation—which has been linked to greater happiness. This supports the theory that women's happiness is more dependent on relationships than men's.
【语篇解读】 本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。
1．Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women? A．Warmth. C．Happiness.
B．Depression. D．Disrespect.
D [细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“while men display more anger, pride and disrespect”可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选D。]
2．What factors cause women to share feelings more openly? A．Psychological factors. B．Biological factors. C．Educational factors. D．Social factors.
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。]
3．One can probably read the text from ． A．a science fiction B．a culture brochure C．a nursery guide D．a health magazine
D [推理判断题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方
面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故选D项。]
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Men and women differ in biology and psychology. B．Men and women experience happiness differently. C．Social roles have a great effect on men and women. D．Women's happiness has declined in the past years.
B [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。]
B
(2019·成都市毕业班摸底测试)As evolution tends to remove waste, how come we evolved such large, energy-consuming brains? The dominant hypothesis(假设)suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force. But our new study done in an unusual way shows that human brain expansion is likely driven by ecology(生态)．
Scientists have tested the ecological and social hypotheses before. The common approach is to look at many species and investigate whether large brains are associated with specific problems. For example, do primates or other animals with large brains have a diet that is challenging to find but nutritionally rewarding? This would indicate an ecological origin. Or do they live in large groups where they face lots of social problems?
While many studies have found such associations, there is a problem. It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems.
To find out the causes of brain expansion, we recreated the scenarios(可能出现的情况) of the two hypotheses using a mathematical model. We found that a combination of ecological and social challenges do produce the brain size we see in humans. But it was ecological challenges that expanded brains. In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed
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