The animal dissection解剖 requirement要求 biology classes has been getting under下面 the skin 皮肤of students for generations生殖, and there have always been some who asked to be excused from免除 the requirement要求. Now, a growing number of technological alternatives替代选择 are making it possible for students to swap交换 that scalpel解剖刀 for a computer mouse. There are laws in nearly a dozen states12个州—including California, Florida, New Jersey, and New York—protecting保护 a student's choice to learn about animal anatomy 解剖sans 无scalpel. Some students choosing to opt out退出 feel we should be kinder to our web-footed脚趾间有薄膜 friends. Others are just queasy呕吐的 at the thought of rubbery有弹性的 frog 青蛙bodies and the smell of formaldehyde甲醛.
\令人作呕的. There's a yuck令人讨厌的 factor原因\承认Brian Shmaefsky, a board member 董事会成员with the National Association of Biology Teachers协会的生物学老师. \with the cost of students being offended 冒犯to the point 要点that it interferes妨碍 with learning.\
Virtual blades刀片. So for cases 把...装于容器中in which a real dissection would be too slimy粘滑的, it's time to try some toad讨厌的家伙 tech 技术学院. While the first computer-based基于计算机的 alternatives to dissection emerged 出现（in the 1980s, modern frog dissection software can be found at different websites. These software 软件 programs use creative clicking,发出滴答声 high-powered大功率的 zoom急速上升 functions功能, and video clips围绕 to teach anatomy. Froguts software, for example, lets students trace痕迹 incision切割 lines with a computer mouse and snip剪断 through skin with a virtual blade. There are even sound effects like a \冲破防线for slicing frog flesh, or a \a one-year software license, though some organizations will lend programs out free of charge.)
Earlier this year, a graduate student from Simon Fraser University in Vancouver designed the first-ever haptic (the Greek word for \frog dissection program, which uses a penlike tool to create a sensation similar to cutting into real flesh. The hand-held device connects to a computer, and students move the device through the air while watching the results of their actions on a computer screen.
With Digital Frog—a popular program that's had approximately 1,500 frog demo downloads since January and is currently in use in 2,000 schools—students can add or subtract those amphibious organs with a mere mouse click. They can then assess their learning with sporadic frog anatomy quizzes.
\is helpful. The fact that a student can review sections of a
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program over and over again is important,\says Martin Stephens, vice president for animal research issues at the Humane Society of the United States. \things and can't find them because body parts have changed drastically since the animal was killed. But on a computer screen, layers can be digitally peeled away.\Other experts think the dissection technology has its limits. Gerry Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association, says that artificial simulations don't give as enriching an experience as the real thing. Still others worry the programs are depriving kids of experiential learning. 1. The word “swap” (Line 3, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____ [A] exchange. [B] throw away. [C] reject. [D] refuse.
2. Some students ask to be excused from the requirement of biology classes because of the following reason except that_____
[A] dissection consists of disgusting procedures and unpleasant smells. [B] they are entitled to reject dissection requirement given the legal regulation.
[C] they are offended when fulfilling the requirements of animal dissection. [D] they insist that people should treat animals more as friends instead of simply objects.
3．Brian Shmaefsky’s statement implies that_____
[A] he indeed supports the students’ animal protection movement. [B] he thinks the animal dissection should be banned.
[C] he thinks the animal dissection may not be good for students to learn biology effectively.
[D] he always evaluate the teaching effect by weighing reluctant factors of cost and effect.
4．Compared with the real dissection, the dissection on computer has the following advantages except_____
[A] It has authentic sound effect like a “slish” or “shwoosh” .
[B] there is a sensation of always dealing with fresh and recognizable organs.
[C] The process can be repeated so that students can gather better insight of the animal structure.
[D] Students can take quizzes with the software to evaluate the learning effect.
5.The author’s attitude towards the toad tech can be said to be_____ [A] supportive.
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[B] doubtful. [C] objective. [D] biased.
文章剖析：
这篇文章介绍了一种可以替代生物课解剖的电脑程序。第一段讲述传统解剖的弊端，引出解剖科技替代品；第二段是一位委员对传统解剖的看法；第三段讲述电脑解剖的效果；第四段、五段介绍了两个电脑解剖程序；第六段讲述电脑解剖的优点和局限性。 词汇注释：
dissection n. 解剖 swap v. 交换
scalpel n. 解剖刀 queasy adj. 不安的，易恶心的 formaldehyde n. 甲醛 icky adj.粘得讨厌的
yuck n. 讨厌 slimy adj. 粘糊糊的 toad n. 蟾蜍，癞蛤蟆 incision n. 切割，切口 haptic adj.触觉的 demo n. 示范样品
amphibious adj. 两栖的 sporadic adj. 零星的，时有时无的 shrivel v.(使)起皱纹, (使)枯萎, (使)束手无策 难句突破：
(1) Earlier this year, a graduate student from Simon Fraser University in Vancouver designed the first-ever haptic (the Greek word for \frog dissection program, which uses a penlike tool to create a sensation similar to cutting into real flesh.
[主体句式] A graduate designed the program.
[结构分析] 这是一个简单句，earlier this year是做整个句子的状语，后面which 引导的菲限定性定语从句是用来修饰program的。
[句子译文] 今年年初，温哥华西蒙?弗雷泽大学一位研究生设计出了第一个haptic（希腊词为“触觉”）青蛙解剖程序。这个程序用一种类似于笔的工具创造出一种相当于切割真正皮肉的感觉。
(2) With Digital Frog—a popular program that's had approximately 1,500 frog demo downloads since January and is currently in use in 2,000 schools—students can add or subtract those amphibious organs with a mere mouse click.
[主体句式] Students can add or subtract…
[结构分析] 这是一个简单句，前面with Digital Frog是方式状语，破折号之间的是用来解释Digital Frog的，可以看作是同位语；破折号之间的这个成分中，that 引导的定语从句修饰program， 这个从句是由两个并列的句子构成的，以and连接。
[句子译文] “电子青蛙”是一种很受欢迎的程序，自一月份以来大约有1500个青蛙示范下载，现在用于2000所学校。 题目分析：
1. The word “swap” (Line 3, Paragraph 1 ) most probably means_____ 1.
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“swap” (第一段第三行)最有可能的意思是_____ [A] exchange. [A] 交换。 [B] throw away. [B] 抛弃。 [C] reject. [C] 丢弃。 [D] refuse. [D] 拒绝。 [答案]A [难度系数] ☆☆
[分析] 猜词题。上文提到，有一些学生要求不做这种解剖，那么现在有许多科技替代物使得这个成为现实，就是用计算机鼠标来替代解剖刀，下文也提到了用电脑程序来代替真正的用解剖刀进行的实验。因此，正确答案为A选项。
2. Some students ask to be excused from the requirement of biology classes because of the following reason except that_____ 2. 一些学生要求免于生物课的要求是因为除了选项_____外以下的原因。
[A] dissection consists of disgusting procedures and unpleasant smells. [A]解剖的过程很恶心且气味难闻。
[B] they are entitled to reject dissection requirement given the legal regulation. [B] 有相应法律允许他们拒绝修解剖课程
[C] they are offended when fulfilling the requirement of animal dissection. [C] 他们在上动物解剖课时感觉受到自己受到了冒犯
[D] they insist people should treat animals more as friends instead of simply objects. [D] 他们坚持认为人们对待动物应该更像朋友而不是客观物体 [答案]B
[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆
[分析] 推理题。文章第一段提到，一些学生选择不做是因为他们感到应到对这种动物友好些，另外是因为想到青蛙的身体、闻到甲醛的味道就感到恶心。因此，答案A、D是原因，答案B并不是他们不愿意做解剖的原因，而是因为他们不愿意做才有了相关法律保护他们的这种权利。选项C包含了A和D两个选项。因此，答案为B。
3．Brian Shmaefsky’s statement implies that_____ 3. Brian Shmaefsky的话意味着_____
[A] he indeed support the students’ animal protection movement. [A] 他实际上支持学生们的保护动物运动。
[B] he thinks the animal dissection should be banned. [B] 他认为应当禁止动物解剖。
[C] he thinks the animal dissection may not be good for students to learn biology effectively. [C] 他认为动物解剖不一定有利于学生有效地学习生物。
[D] he always evaluate the teaching effect by weighing relevant factors of cost and effect. [D] 他总是通过衡量相关的成本及产出等因素来衡量教学效果。 [答案]C
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析] 推理题。Brian Shmaefsky的话分为两部分：解剖粘糊糊的，比较讨厌；老
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师应该衡量一下学生如果感觉到受到冒犯，甚至影响到了学习效果那就得不偿失了。前半句也是为后面的服务，又根据他是国家生物教师协会成员，那么应该是针对对学生学习，他觉得这种解剖有时会阻碍学生学习。选项C符合题意。选项D并不是他想要表达的意思；选项B他并没有表示出这一点来；而选项A在文章中则没有得到明确的体现。
4．Compared with the real dissection, the dissection on computer has the following advantages except_____ 4. 相对于真正的解剖，电脑解剖有以下的优点，但_____除外。
[A] It has authentic sound effect like a “slish” or “shwoosh” . [A] 它可以有真实的声音效果，如发出“嘶”“嗤”的声音
[B] there is a sensation of always dealing with fresh and recognizable organs. [B] 软件给人的感觉是这些动物器官都是新鲜的，且易于辨认
[C] The process can be repeated so that students can gather better insight of the animal structure. [C] 解剖过程可以重复，以便于学生们能够更加深入地了解动物的结构
[D] Students can take quizzes with the software to evaluate the learning effect. [D] 学生可以用软件中的一些测验来评估他们的学习效果 [答案]A
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析] 细节题。题目要求找出电脑解剖相对于传统解剖的优点所在，选项A是电脑模仿实际解剖的声音效果，而这种声音本身在实际解剖中也有存在，因此只是一种摹仿，并不是电脑的高超之处。B在文章第六段提到，说动物的器官都是枯萎的、没有颜色的。你想要找到什么，可是最终没能找到，因为动物被杀死后身体部分改变很大。但是在电脑屏幕上，身体每一层都可以电子式地剥下来。C在第六段也提到了，说可以重复，这样学生就可以复习。D在第五段中提到。因此，答案为A。
5.The author’s attitude towards the toad tech can be said to be_____ 5. 作者对于这种解剖科技的态度可以说是_____ [A] supportive. [A] 支持的。 [B] doubtful. [B] 怀疑的。 [C] objective. [C] 客观的。 [D] biased. [D] 有偏见的。 [答案] A [难度系数] ☆
[分析] 态度题。在这篇文章中，作者介绍了生物课上解剖的替代物——电脑解剖程序，虽然在文章最后一段作者也提到了这种替代物的局限，但是整篇文章来看作者都是一种赞赏的态度，列举了这种方法的优点。因此，其态度是支持的，选A。 参考译文：
所有生物专业的学生都被要求必须修动物解剖课，而经常有人希望可以免于这种要求。目前，日益增多的科技替代品使得学生们可以用一个电脑鼠标来替代解剖刀。有十多个个州（包括加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州、新泽西州和纽约州）都有相关法律，保证学生可以不拿解剖刀就可以学习动物解剖。一些选择不用解剖刀的学生认为我们对这些翼手的朋友也应该
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