v1.0 可编辑可修改 一、 非谓语动词
非谓语动词是动词的几种特殊形式，它不能单独做谓语。非谓语动词的形式有：动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、现代分词（doing）、过去分词（done）。 （一）动词不定式
1、结构：肯定形式to do 否定形式 not to do 例如：to read the text slowly 2、主要语法功能： （1）做主语
To know what to do is wisdom. To know how to do is skill It is difficult to know oneself (2)做表语
The first and best victory is to conquer self. (3)做宾语
We hope to talk with the native speakers.
有些及物动词常用不定式做宾语：afford /agree /arrange/begin/care/choose/claim/continue/decide/desire/determine/fail/forget/hate/hesitate/hope/intend/learn/like/long/manage/mean/offer/plan/prepare/pretend/promise/refuse/resolve/start/threaten/try/want (4)做定语：she was the only one to look after the children
(5)做状语：we shall be very happy to cooperate with you in the project. (6)做宾语补足语：Please remind me to take my medicine tomorrow. 有些及物动词的复合宾语中的宾语补足语中不定式不带to : 使役动词 have let make please ; 感官动词 feel hear listen to look at notice observe see watch
（7）做主语补足语：someone was heard to come up the stairs. 3、不定式的时态
（1）一般式：表示与谓语动词的动作是同时发生或是在其后发生。
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v1.0 可编辑可修改 I have some news to tell you
(2)进行式：与谓语动词的动作是同时发生，而且正在进行着。 He want to be dressing
(3)完成时：表示动作发生在谓语之前 I am sorry to have kept you waiting
（二）动名词
1、结构：doing reading the book quickly 2、语法功能：
（1）做主语：Saying is easier than doing It is no use asking her advice.
(2)做表语：the best policy is being honest (3)做定语：reading material
(4)做动词宾语：I enjoy seeing you and talking about old times.
用作动名词做宾语的及物动词：admit suggest dislike appreciate complete consider delay deny enjoy escape finish forgive imagine keep mind miss permit postpone practice prevent propose require risk suggest can’t help give up keep on put off.
(5)做介词宾语：Keep on learning as long as you live. 3、动名词时态
（1）一般式 与谓语动词的动作同时或在其后发生 I am thinking of getting a new dictionary. (2)完成式 在谓语动词之前发生 I regret having told her the news. （三）现在分词 1、结构：doing.
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v1.0 可编辑可修改 2、语法功能：
（1）做定语 life is an exciting business.
(2) 做状语 hearing the news, they immediately set off for Beijing. (3)做表语 the film is very moving and instructive.
(4)做宾语补足语 I saw him entering the room(比较：I saw him enter the room) (四)过去分词
1、结构：规则动词的过去式、过去分词“动词原形ed”；不规则动词没有统一的规则。 2、语法功能：
（1）做定语：A watched pot never boiled.
(2) 做状语：Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight. (3)做表语：I am convinced of his honesty. (4)做宾语补足语 （五）分词的独立结构
1、结构：逻辑主语+分词，逻辑主语可以是分词的执行者，也可以是承受者。 Weather permitting, we shall go there on foot. This done, we went home. （六）现在分词和过去分词的区别
语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动；时间上，现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示已经完成；特征和状态上，现在分词表示特征，过去分词表示状态。
历年真题常考点：
1、If____ to speak, he has no problem expressing himself. A、asked B、asking C ask D to be asked
2、He went on to say that it was as important to respect others as_____
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v1.0 可编辑可修改 by others.
A to be respected B to respect C being respected D respected 3、Any student______ in swimming can apply for membership. A having a keen interest B with a keen interesting C who is keenly interesting D has a keen interest
4、When______ the education systems of China and Britain, the professor gave his own comment.
A asking to be compared B asked him to compare C asking him to compare D asked to compare
5、No one can avoid_____ by advertisements.
A influenced B influencing C to influence D being influenced 6、Henry’s remarks left me_____ about his real purpose. A wonder B wondered C to wonder D wondering 7、The garden requires______
A watering B being watered C to water D having watering 8、They found the lecture hard______
A to understand B to be understand C being understood D understood 9、It’s no use______ me not to worry about his injury.
A for you to tell B your telling C you tell D having told 10、______ finished his work, he had to stay at home at the weekend. A Having not been B Being not C Not having D Having not
11、_______ from space, our earth, with water covering 70% of its surface, appears as a ”blue planet”.
A Seen B Seeing C To be seen D Having seen
12、When the little girl awoke, she found herself ______ by a group of soldiers.
A surround B be surrounded C being surrounded D being
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v1.0 可编辑可修改 surrounding
13、He enjoys______pop music while I prefer classical music. A to listen to B to listen C listening D listening to 14、My mobile phone isn’t working. It______.
A needs being repaired B needs repairing C needs to repair D needs repaired
二、 虚拟语气
语气表示说话人对谓语动词所表示的动作或所处状态持有的态度或看法。 陈述语气；祈使语气；虚拟语气
Keep off the grass
The yellow leaves are falling in the autumn wind.
虚拟语气表示说话者所说的并不是事实，而是一种假设、推测、建议或祝愿等。 （一） 虚拟语气的结构：
1、在非真实条件从句的复合机中的用法
1）与现在事实相反：if 引导的条件句：动词过去式或were 主句：would+动词原形
2）与过去事实相反：if引导的条件句：had+过去分词 主句：would+have+过去分词
3）与将来事实相反：if引导的条件句：should+动词原形；were to +动词原形 主句：would+动词原形
例句：if I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you
If the manager were here, he might make a decision I could have done it better if I had been more careful If he should fail, we would encourage him to try again.
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