2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去。Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. 8．过去将来时的用法
过去将来时表示从过去的某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时由 “should 或 would + 动词原形” 构成。第一人称用should, 其他人称用would. 。常和： They were sure that they would succeed. （二） 动词语态
1． 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时， 谓语的形式叫主动语态。句子的主语是动作承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动作语态。被动语态由助动词be + 过去分词构成，时态通过be 表现出来。
1） 一般现在时：You are required to do this. 2） 一般过去时：The story was told by her.
3） 一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 4） 现在进行时：The road is being widened. 5） 过去进行时：The new tool was being made. 6） 现在完成时：The novel has been read.
7） 过去完成时：He said that the work had been finished. 8） 过去将来时：He said that the trees would be planted soon.
2. 一些特殊的被动结构
1） 带情态动词的被动结构：The problem must be solved soon.
2） 带不定式的被动结构：The room is going to be painted. The homework needs to be done with care. 3) 短语动词的被动：
a.（不及物）动词+介词：若这类短语动词是及物性的，则可用于被动语态中，如：laugh at, look after, talk about, think of 等。若这类短语动词是不及物性的则不可用于被动语态中，如：book up, look down. 等
b.（及物）动词+副词：bring about, carry out, find out, make out, put away, put off, take up, turn down, turn out, wipe out等
c. 动词+副词 +介词：do away with, face up to, give into ,look down upon, make up with等
d. 动词+名词+介词：catch sight of, keep on eye on, make a fool of , pay attention to , put an end to , set fire/light to , 2 take notice of 等
4) 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。We always keep the classroom clean.
(比较：The classroom is always kept clean.)
5)主动形式表示被动意义的词。常见的有： a.主动形式，这时动名词同句中的主语有动宾关系。 The children need looking after. The windo
ws wants /requires repairing. This point deserves mentioning. 练习题
1. It is a fine day. The sun __________(shine) brightly. 2. They ___________(visit) the Science Museum next Sunday.
3. Mr Brown________(live) in Beijing since he came to China.
4. Mr Wang ________(teach) us English two years ago. 5. The Smiths _______________( watch) TV at this time last night.
6. We __________(learn) about ten English songs by the end of last term.
7. Father said that he ____________(buy) a new bike for me the next Friday.
8. Bill isn?ˉt here. He ___________(chat) with his friends in the classroom.
9. The teacher said that the moon __________(go) round
the earth.
10. The Young Pioneers will go to the zoo if it ____________(not rain) this Sunday.
11. Listen! They __________(talk) about the new film. 12. Jim asked us what ___________(happen) in China in 1976.
13. My mobile phone ___________(steal) on a bus last week.
14. The host ____________(interview) the little boy just now.
15. The Greens __________(watch) TV now.
16. He said that he _____________(ring) me up when he got there.
17. We ____________(learn) English for about three years. 18. My brother_____________(join) the League in 1997. 19. The farmers __________(pick) apples when I saw them. 20. The red skirt __________(cost) the girl forty yuan. 21. The film ____________(begin) when I got to the cinema. 22. The girl told me that she wanted to be an English teacher when she _____(grow) up.
23. My sister is a student and she _____________(study) at a middle school nearby.
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