一、时态和语态
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1. 如何解答时态问题
例1：You’ve already missed too many classes this term. You ______ just last week.
A. missed
B. would miss
C. had missed
D. have missed 例2：Anne asked Tom ______ the key.
A. when he left B. where he had left C. how he left
D. why did he left
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考试重点：
2. 与完成时有关的时态
★现在完成时 (have done) since, for/ in the past few months, up to now
例1：Collecting toy cars as a hobby becomes increasingly popular during the past fifty years.
A B C D
例2：English ______ in a new way at my college in the past few years.
A. has been taught
B. was being taught
C. has been taught D. had been taught. ★过去完成时 (had done)
例3：Anne asked Tom ______ the key.
A. when he left B. where he had left
C. how he left
D. why did he left
例4：The chemistry class_____ for five minutes when we hurried there.
A. had been on
B. had begun
C. has been on D. would began ★将来完成时 (will have done) by
例5：We’re late I expect the film_____ by the time we get to the cinema.
A. had already started
B. have already
C. will already have started
D. have already been started.
★现在完成进行时 (have been doing)
例6：It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.
A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking
★过去完成进行时 (had been doing)
★???? 将来完成进行时(will have been doing )
例7：By the time you arrive this evening, _______for two hours.
A. I will study
B. I will have been studied
C. I had studied
D. I will have been studying.
3. 在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时态
▲用一般现在时代替一般将来时
例1：When the mixture_____, it will give off a powerful force.
A. will heat B. will be heated C. is heated D. has heated 例2：please be sure to telephone me the next time you ______.
A. will come
B. would come
C. shall come D. come
▲用现在完成时代替将来完成时
例3：Smith is to study medicine as soon as he_______ military service.
A. will finish
B. has finished C. finish
D. would finish
注意：
例4：No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she______ them.
A. tries
B. will try C. are trying
D. have tried
4. 考试小窍门
◆考试中如果遇到与完成时态相关的选项，要重点加以研读，一般说来是正确答案。
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?二、情态动词 ?
1. 几个情态动词的否定式的含义
can’t may not mustn’t
need’t
2. 表示推测的几个情态动词用法
★must表示肯定的推测，意思是“一定” +do 对现在情况的推测
must
+have done 对过去情况的推测
例1：I ________ asleep in the corner, for I remember nothing of what happened during the night. A. might fall B. must fall
C. must have fallen
D. can have fallen
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★ can’t/could’t表示否定的推测，意思是“不可能”
+do 对现在情况的推测
can’t/couldn’t
+have done 对过去情况的推测
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★ may/might not表示可能性很小的推测，意思是“也许…”
+do 对现在情况的推测
may/might
+have done 对过去情况的推测
3. 情态动词的完成时虚拟语气的用法
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needn’t have done
should have done should not have done
ought to have done
could have done
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4. 考试小窍门
在遇到情态动词加完成时和情态动词加原形同时出现的情况下，一般说来情态动词加完成时是正确答案。
× Must do
√ Must have done
三、虚拟语气
赵文通 考试重点：
1. 条件句中的虚拟语气
例１：I would ask George to lend us the money if I ______ him.
A. had known B. have known C. knew
D. would know
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例２：If a better material ______, the strength of the part would have been increased.
A. had been used B. had been using
C. being used
D. using
条件句中的虚拟语气需要注意以下三点：
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? 如果条件句中有were, had, should时，可以把if省略，然后把这三个单词提前，形成倒装。
例3：_____ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.
A. If he took
B. if he should take
C. Were he to take
D. Had he taken
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? 含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用
三级考试中经常出现的三个句型：
But for/without…，……
……, otherwise/or…
……, but/though….
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例４：But for your help, I _____ the work in time.
A. did not finish A. will not finish
B. will be
B. could not finish D. would not have finished
D. would be
6. would rather后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式 7. it is (high) time that ….句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式? ?
四、非谓语动词 1. 不定式
?不定式的逻辑主语
D. had come
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例１：The road is wild enough for cars to pass by. 例２：It is important for you to work hard. 例３：It is kind of you to help me.
例４：The magnificent museum is said _____ about a hundred years ago.
A. to be built C. to have built
B. to have been built
D. to have being built
例５：Without electricity, human life _____ quite different today. A. is
A. would have come B. would come C. could come
A. gave up
例７：We would have made a lot of money, but we halfway
C. would have been
例６：He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he_____ to the meeting.
B. had given up C.would give up D. were to give up
?不定式的时态和语态
? 错综时间条件句
例８：If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night.
2. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用 词时,如: ?
? 1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动
例１：I suggested that we should go there on foot.
例２：The man insisted that he had never stolen the money
?使用不带to的不定式
1)why not do表示委婉的建议 ?
注意:当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如: 例１：Why not_____Professor Li for help? He is kind-hearted and willing to help.
A. ask
B. you ask
C. to ask
D. your asking
? 2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/ 等后的主语从句中
2)使役动词have, make, let的后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定式。 例２：The teacher has the students _____ a composition every other week.
A. to write
B. break
C. broken
D. breaking
B. written
C. writing
D. write
例３：It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight ? 3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand,
例４：My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening
proposal, suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:
例３：While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_____
A. broke
3. wish后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气 4. if only 引导的感叹句中 5. as if/as though引导的状语从句中
例４：There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself_____ 3
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B. being told C. to hear
D. heard
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be worth
what about/how about
A. hearing
3. 分词
3)表示生理感觉的动词如see, watch, notice, observe, hear后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定式。
例５：With tears on her face, the old lady watched the little boy_____ to a hospital.
A. send
B. to be sent
C. being sent D. sending 4)do something but/except do
例６：There is nothing we can do _____ wait.
A. but B. rather than
C. in spite of
C. besides.
5)记住下列不带to的短语
can’t but can’t help but
had better
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2. 动名词
1.?????? 有些动词后面既可以接动名词又可以接不定式，但意思有差异
remember forget
regret stop go on mean
2. 后面跟动名词的固定句式
have trouble/problems/difficult doing something feel like
spend/waste…doing something can’t help need/deserve/want
分词作表语
独立主格结构
例1：During the discussion, Mr Boyd remained silent when asking his opinion.
A B C D
例2：Your experiment reports must be checked with care before_______
A. handed them in B. them handing in C. being handed in D. handing them in
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例３：_______ in the air fuels give off heat.
A. T burn B. Burned C. T be burned D. Being burned 五、状语从句 赵文通 考试重点：
1． 时间状语从句 ★???? while/ when/ as/ until
★???? 一…就… no sooner…than/ hardly…when/
scarcely…when
★???? the moment
the minute the instant ★???? 固定句型
It is/has been ….since…
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1.?????? 原因状语从句 now that in that ?
2.?????? 条件状语从句
unless
as long as
provided that
3.?????? 让步状语从句 as though although even if even though while whatever ?
例1：If you read the book a second time, and you will probably have quite a different A B C understanding of the events described in it. D
例2：Hard as he worked, but Mr. Brown couldn’t keep the shop properly. A B C D ? ? ? ?
六、平行结构 and, or, but 比较级
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例1：I enjoy eating in good restaurants and to go to the theater afterwards.
A B C D
例２：It usually takes much less time to fly from one country to another than traveling by train. A B C D 例３：The rooms were then empty and most of them have been shut up. A B C D
Prefer引出的平行结构： Prefer something to something
Prefer doing something to doing something Prefer to do something rather than do something Prefer的特殊用法：
Prefer somebody to do something
e.g : I prefer you to speak English in the class.
1、a number of, the number of
a number of +可数名词，谓语用复数，意为许多，大量的…… the number of +可数名词，谓语用单数，意为……的数目 ?
2、able, capable, competent
able为常用词，指具有做某事所需的力量，技巧，知识与时间等，搭配是be able to do s.th。如：A cat is able to see in the dark. （猫在黑暗中能看见东西。）
capable 指满足一般要求的能力，搭配是be capable of +doing。
competent 指“胜任”，“合格”，或受过专业技术等训练的，但不是超群的能力。如：A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. （医生应该能治多种病。） 3、above all；after all；at all; in all
above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”，常位于句首或句中，作插入语，起强调作用。如：
But above all tell me quickly what I have to do．可首先快些告诉我该做什么。
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after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”，在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如： After all，your birthday is only two weeks away．毕竟，两周后就是你的生日。 He is，after all，a small child．他毕竟还是个小孩子。 5
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