46、 considerable, considerate
51、 current, present
均可表“现在”,“目前”。
current强调在现阶段正在流行,通用,但不一定是最新的。如:current English (当代英语)
present为常用词,指现在正在通用的,在时间上比current的范围更窄。如:What’s your present address?(你现住址是哪里?) 52、 custom, habit
均可表习惯。
custom为正式用词,多指社团或人们的习惯行为方式。
cure表示治好,treat只表示“给……治病”。
considerable相当多的,可观的。如:He met a considerable amount of trouble.(他遇到了许多麻烦。)considerate 考虑周到的,体谅的。如:It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真体贴人,不打扰我们。)
47、 consistent, constant, continual, continuous
consistent一致的,符合的。如:His action is always consistent with his words.
constant不断的,表示持续和惯常的重现,往往没有变化。如:He attributes his health to his constant exercise.
continual频频的,不停的,时断时续,中间可有间歇。如:Continual smoking is bad for health. continuous development and change. ?
48、cost/take/spend/pay
continuous不断延伸的,连续不断的,强调中间无间断。如:Everything in the universe undergoes
habit为常用词,多指个人因多次重复而形成做某事的趋势或意愿。如:He has the bad habit of biting his nails.(他有咬手指的坏习惯。) 53、 damage; destroy; ruin ?
这三个词都有“破坏;损坏”的意思,区别如下:
cost (vt.)花费:指花费金钱、劳力和时间。主语通常是事或物,可跟双宾语。 take (vt.) 花费:指花费时间。主语通常是一件事,也可以跟双宾语。
? damage意为“损坏、破坏”。它可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品,一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低,这种损坏是部分性的,通常指损坏的程度不那么严重,还可以修复再用。也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西,有时该词也用于借喻。如:
The car was not damaged badly in the accident, but five people were seriously hurt. 汽车在事故中损坏不严重,但却有五个人受了重伤。
Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness.长期生病使她的心脏受到轻度损伤。 What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries. 他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。
Smoking has damaged his health badly. 吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。 ? damage还可用作可数或不可数名词。如:
spend (vt.) 花费:指花费时间和金钱,主语总是人。可以形成spend…on sth./in doing sth. 结构。 ?
Electricity will cost more than it did last year. It will take me two days to finish the work.
In the past few years the factory spent a lot of money improving its working conditions. Dick’s uncle has to pay for his education as his father has come down in the world.
pay (vt.&vi.) 付钱,后面可以跟双宾语,也可以当不及物动词使用,形成pay for sth.结构。比较:
49、 crack, crash
The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city.这场地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。 复再用。另外,它既可表示毁坏具体的物品,也可表示毁坏抽象的东西。如: The big fire destroyed the whole house. 这场大火把整座房子都烧毁了。
crack(使)破裂,砸开。如:I can crack it, but I can’t break it. (我能把它弄裂,但不能把它弄破。)crash摔坏,坠毁。如:The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.(飞机起飞不久就坠毁了。) 50、 cure, treat
cure治愈,医治。如:The medicine will cure of your disease.(这药能治好你的病。)
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? destroy意为“破坏;摧毁;消灭;毁灭”,通常指程度非常严重的“毁坏”,一般情况下不可以修
The Nazi wanted to destroy people's hopes, but in the end what was destroyed was the Nazi's dream by the power of people. 纳粹想摧毁人民的希望,最终是纳粹的梦想被人民的力量所摧毁。
? ruin多用于借喻之中,有时泛指一般性的破坏,指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。如: My new coat is ruined.我的外套不能再穿了。 The rain will ruin the crops.这雨会把庄稼毁掉的。 I was ruined by that law case; I'm a ruined man54、dependent, independent
dependent依赖的,依靠的(on, upon)。如:Success is dependent on your hard work.
discover发现。如:A coal mine has been discovered in that area.
invent发明,创造。如:A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache.
Independent 不依靠的,独立的(of)。如:John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.55、discover, invent
?
三词都与电有关
59、 electric, electrical, electronic
electric着重于发电的,电动的或导电的。如:electric generator(发电机);electric light(电灯) electrical多指本身不产生电,但是与电有关的。如:electrical engineering(电机工程);an electrical transcription(广播唱片)
61、everyday, every day
everyday每日的,日常的(作定语)。如:This morning exercise has become my everyday routine.
every day每天(作状语)。如:She gets up early every day. 都表忍受,忍耐。
62、 endure, bear, stand, tolerate, withstand
bear忍受,容忍,指忍受使人悲痛、烦恼或痛苦的事情。如:It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是难以忍受的。)
endure忍耐,书面语,指长时间经受痛苦而不屈服。如:It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦难需要耐力。)
stand忍受,与bear同义,但较口语化。如:She can’t stand having nothing to do.(没事干,她受不了。)tolerate容忍,容许,指自我克制的态度,对于令人反感的事没有任何抗议。如:I can’t tolerate him if he goes on like that. (他如果继续这样下去的话,我决不会容忍他。)
withstand经受,承受,指顶住外来的压力和攻势。如:They have withstood all test.(他们经受了一切考验。)
63、error, mistake, fault, shortcoming 12
均表“缺点”,“错误”。
error是通用词,指任何错误,“犯错误”可以说commit /make an error。
mistake指判断或理解方面,或指因考虑不周而造成的错误,搭配是make a mistake。 electronic 电子的,电子操作的。如:electronic engineering(电子工程学) emergence是emerge的名词形式。
Emergency意为“紧急情况”,“突然事件”。 60、emergence, emergency
56、doubt/suspect
doubt意为怀疑某事是不可能或不真实的,肯定句中常跟whether或if引出的宾语从句,否定句和疑问句常跟that引出的宾语从句。翻译成“不相信”比较恰当。而suspect意为怀疑或认为某件事是真的。常跟that引起的宾语从句。翻译成“猜想…是真的”比较恰当。试比较:
I doubt whether he is a genius. 我看他未必是个天才。 Do you doubt that he is a genius? 你怀疑他是个天才吗? I suspect that he is a genius. 我猜想他是个天才。 ?
均可表示“有效的”。
57、effective, efficient
effective常用以指物,强调能产生某种预期的效果。如:effective medicine, effective method等。 efficient“效率高的”,“有能力的”,用以指人或物,着重有效地利用时间、精力并取得预期效果。如:The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德国的电话系统效率很高。) 58、economic, economical
economic经济(学)的。如:the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉图的经济学说)
economical节约的,节俭的。如:He is economical of money and time. ?
fault表示“过失”,可与error通用,现多用来指缺点,特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。如:There is a fault
in this machine.(这台机器有一处毛病。)构成短语 find fault with挑剔,找毛病。 like him.(尽管他缺点多,我仍然喜欢他。) 64、especially, particularly, specially
均可表“特别地”。
69、hanged, hung
71、home, house
home家。如:East or west, home is best.
House房子,住宅。如:Our new house is quite near the station. 皆含相同,相等之意。
equal相同的,相等的,特指“数量,价值等”相同。如:Their ages are equal.
shortcoming 缺点,可指人或事物的本质上不足之处(常用复数)。如:In spite of his shortcomings, I still
hang, hanged, hanged吊死。如:He hanged himself when he failed. Hang, hung, hung悬挂。如:His pictures were hung in the museum. hard努力地。如:Take it easy. You’ve been working too hard.
hardly几乎不,简直不。如:The children can hardly wait to hear the news
70、hard, hardly
especially一般表示某事物在意义、程度、重要性性超过其他事物。如:I love Italy, especially in summer.(我喜欢意大利,尤其在夏天。)
particularly往往着重说明与同类事物不同的个别事物。如:The visitors admired his paintings, but particularly the portrait of his daughter.(来访者赞赏他所有的绘画,特别是他女儿的画像。)
specially 多表示“专门地”,“为特别目的的地”,如表“不寻常”,“过分”等,可与especially通用。如:I made chocolate cake specially for you.(我特地为你做了巧克力蛋糕。) 65、fast, quickly
fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly 66、fit/suit ?
两者都是及物动词,表示“适合”。他们的区别在于,前者指的是尺寸大小的适合;而后者表示This straw hat does not fit me; it’s too big. Her blue coat suits her fair skin.
formally正式地。如:We were required to dress formally for the party. formerly从前。如:Formerly he worked in a factory, but now he is a teacher. 都与“看”有关。
gaze“凝视”,强调由于惊奇、兴趣,目不转睛地注视。 Stare强调由于好奇、害怕或无意地睁大眼睛盯着看看。 glare“怒视”,是凶狠地含有威胁地盯着看。
glimpse“一瞥”,是短暂而急促地看,含有意地匆匆地看一眼,现多用作名词。
13
的是样式、风格、程度的适合。例如:
72、equal, equivalent, identical, same
equivalent相等的,特指“价值,效力,意义”等相同的。如:This sentence is equivalent to that. identical相同的,相等的,侧重于某一细节上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasions.
identical相同的,相等的,侧重于某一细节上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasion.(她在两种场合穿同样的衣服。) as you.
same相同的,表示在质量、类型、外表或意义上相同,而实际上有差异。如:He is of about the same age 73、for a moment, for the moment
67、formally, formerly
for a moment 片刻,一会儿,for the moment暂时,一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed. 74、imaginable, imaginary, imaginative
都是与想象有关的形容词。
imaginative富于想象力力的。如:an imaginative artist(想像力丰定的艺术家) ? in the way 意为“挡道;妨碍(某人)”。如:
Tell the boy not to stand in the way.叫那个男孩别挡道碍事。
68、gaze, stare, glance, glimpse
imaginable可以想象得到的。如:This is the only solution imaginable.(这是惟一想得出的解决办法。)imaginary假想的,虚构的。如:an imaginary character in a story(故事里的虚构人物) 75、in the way; in a way; in no way; on the way
[注意]一般表示“看”的单词大多同at搭配构成短,但glimpse却有catch (have) a glimpse of这一搭配。
? in a way 意为“用某种方法(做某事)”。名词way前面常有形容词或this/that修饰。如: He worked out the problem in a simple way.他用简单的方法算出了这道题。 In this way over several days the artist and his mouse became good friends. 就这样一连过了好几天,艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。
注意:如果in a way单独使用,way前不加任何修饰语,意为“在某种程度上;在某些方面(某
80、late; lately; later; latest
? late可作形容词或副词,意为“迟(的);晚(的)”。如: He often comes late for school.他上学常迟到。 They were late for the film.他们看电影迟到了。
? lately是副词,意为“最近;近来”相当于recently,常与现在完成时连用。如: I haven’t heard from him lately.我最近没收到他的来信。
? later为late的比较级,意为“较迟的(地)”。另外,还可用作副词,意为“后来”。如: He goes home later than anybody.他回家比谁都晚。 See you later.回头见。
? latest为late的最高级,意为“最迟的(地)”;也相当于newest,意为“最新的”。如: I go to bed latest in the family.我是家里睡觉最迟的。 Here is the latest news from a broad.下面是来自国外的最新消息。
81、lie, lay
lie (vi.躺,说谎)和lay (放置)两者无论在意义上还是在词性上都有很大的差别。值得注意的是他们常常由于过去式、过去分词和现在分词形式的异同而引起误用。试比较: 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 lie(躺) lay lain lying
lie(说谎) lied, lied lying
lay (放置) laid laid laying 例如: ?
Mr. Brown lay down to take a rest. He laid his hand on my shoulder.
一点上)”。如: The article is well written in a way.从某种程度上来说,这篇文章写得不错。 ? in no way 意为“决不;一点也不”,常用来加强语气。如:
They are in no way similar to each other.他们毫无相似之处。
? on the way 意为“在途中”,其后常接to,表示“在去某地或做某事的路上”。如: He lost his ticket on the way to the cinema.他在去电影院的路上把票弄丢了。
76、indifferent, different 注意自己的外表。)
indifferent冷漠的,不关心的,同to搭配。如:He was indifferent to his personal appearance.(他从前不different跟……不一样,同from搭配。如:This book is different from that one.(这本书跟那本不一样。)
77、industrial, industrious
industrial工业的,产业的。如:Italy is becoming an industrial nation.(意大利逐步成为工业国。) industrious勤劳的,勤奋的。如:He is an industrious student.(他是个用功的学生。) 78、influence, effect
都有“影响”之意。
influence可作动词、名词,指对某人的思想行为、性格等产生影响。如:She was influenced by her middle school teachers.(她受中学时的老师影响。) medicine are very good.(药效很好。) 79、last, latest, final, ultimate
last最后的,与first相对,还可指“上一次的”。如:My seat is in the last row. latest最近的,指时间上。如:the latest news(最新消息)
effect用作动词意为“造成”,“产生”,用作名词强调由于影响而产生特殊效果。如:The effects of the
82、literal, literary, literate
literal文字上的,字面的。如:a literal interpretation of a passage(对一段文章的字面解释)
literary文学的。如:literary works(文学作品)
literary有文化的(反义词是illiterate),如:people applying for the job should be computer literate.(申请这份工作的人应会使用电脑。) 83、much, very 14
都可表示“很”。
一些只作表语的形容词,一般多用much修饰。
much用来修饰动词意义很强的过去分词;very一般修饰形容词或已失去动作意义的过去分词。
final最后的,指在一系列的事物中是最后的,而且是结论性的,决定性的。如:The judgment has become final.(这已是最后的判断。)
ultimate 最终的,最后的,用于正式场合,含有最高的和最有权威的结果。如:He never considered the ultimate result of his action.(他从未考虑其行为的后果。)
very much是much的加强语,因此,能用much的地方,都能用very much。 修饰形容词原级用very,修饰比较级用much。 much可修饰名词,very不能。 均表示“发生”。
以上各词均是不及物动词,因此不可接宾语。但可以用作:sth. occur to sb.或者sth .happen to sb。The possibility that she might be wrong never occurred to him. Didn’t it occur to you that your husband might be late? happen to的意思是“某人遇到/被卷入…”例如: A traffic accident happened to Tom last night.
A strange thing happened to me on my way home yesterday.
88、persuade sb.to do sth.; advise sb.to do sth.; try to persuade sb.to do sth.
? persuade sb.to do sth.意为“说服某人干某事”,其结果是成功的(即成功地说服某人干某事)。如:
Tom persuaded his father to give up smoking at last.汤姆终于说服他父亲戒烟了。
? advise sb.to do sth.意为“劝说某人干某事”,其结果可能是劳而无功(即“说”而未“服”)。如: She advised her parents to give up smoking, but they wouldn’t listen. 她劝她的父母戒烟,但他们不愿听。
? try to persuade sb.to do sth.意为“尽力说服某人干某事”,相当于advise sb.to do sth。如: I tried to persuade him to continue his study, but I failed. 我尽力劝他继续学习,但没有成功。 89、prefer…to…;prefer to… rather than…
? 两个动词短语均可作“喜欢……而不喜欢……”或“宁愿……而不愿……”解,其后均可接名词。例如: I prefer volleyball to basketball(=I prefer to volleyball rather than basketball). 我喜欢排球而不喜欢篮球。
? 主要区别在于:prefer…to…之后接动词时,均用-ing形式。例如: He prefers walking to cycling. 他宁愿步行而不愿骑自行车。
? 而prefer to…rather than…之后接动词时,均要用动词原形。例如: Liu Hulan preferred to die rather than surrender before the enemy. 刘胡兰在敌人面前宁死不屈。 Xiao Wu prefers to work rather than sit idle. 小吴喜欢工作而不喜欢闲坐。 90、preserve, conserve, reserve
preserve坚持,后面常接介词in。如:The ship is equipped with special refrigerating devices to preserve food for the whole voyage.(船上设有特殊冷藏设备,在整个航程中保存食物。)
conserve保存,储藏,强调采取措施精心保护某物,防止不必要的浪费,损失或变化。如:He is conserving his energy for the last twenty-meter dash.(他正在为最后20米冲刺保存实力。)
reserve留存(在资金,人力,原料等),保留(权力等)。如:Reserve enough money for your home fare.(留足你回家的路费。)
91、probable, possible, likely
probable很可能的,大概的,语气较possible强。如:It is probable that the cost will be greater than we think.(花费很可能比我们料想的要多。) 15
84、occur/happen/take place/break out
但两者的意思有所不同,sth occur to sb. 或者it occurs to sb that…的意思是“某人想到了…例如:
注意:英语中表示出现的词,如:appear, emerge, turn up, show up等也都是不及物动词,而在汉语中,表示上述两种意思的词有时候可以跟宾语,而英语中是不可以的。例如:
我的家乡发生了很大变化。
译文:Many changes have taken place in my hometown. on the way, in the way
on the way在前往…的路上,in the way挡路 The chair is in the way.
? 两者均表示“互相;彼此”,为代词,仅作动词或介词的宾语,不作其它成分。两者虽可换用,
85、one another;each other
但each other多用于两者之间的关系,one another多用于三者或三者以上之间的情况。例如: We both see each other at the office every day.我们俩每天在办公室碰面。 The six blind men couldn’t agree with one another.这六个瞎子各执己见。 They hate each other/one another.他们互相憎恨。 86、out of question, out of the question 66
out of question毫无疑问的,out of the question不可能的
87、persist, insist
persist坚持,后面常接介词in。如:He persisted in carrying on his work in spite of great fatigue.(他虽然疲倦极了,可仍坚持工作。)
insist坚持,后面接介词on,也可直接连用that引导的名词从句。如:He insisted on my going there with him. (He insisted that I should go there with him.)
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