Module 1 Europe
Grammar—教案
■Goals
● To learn about passive voice: present and past forms ● To learn about subject and verb agreement ■Procedures
Step 1: Learning about passive voice: present and past forms
For every tense in the Active Voice, there is a corresponding tense in the Passive Voice. In the Passive Voice, the verb to be acts as an auxiliary. The Passive Voice tenses of an English verb are formed from the corresponding conjugations of to be, followed by the past participle of the verb.
The Formation of passive voice: present and past forms Tense
Simple Present Present Continuous Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous Simple Future Future Continuous Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Auxiliary am/is/are am/is/are being have/has been have/has been being was/were was/were being had been had been being will (shall) be will (shall) be being will (shall) have been will (shall) have been being
Verb Form past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle
Step 2: Making passive voice sentences in present and past forms
Now you are going to turn as many sentences from Great European Cities as possible into passive voice sentences in present and past forms.
Paris is made the capital of France. Paris is built on the River Seine. Paris is regarded as one of the most beautiful cities in the world. Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The Eiffel Tower is looked as the most popular place for tourists. The Eiffel Tower is made the famous symbol of Pairs. The Louvre is also found in Paris. The Church of the Sagrada Familia was designed by an architect. The architect is called Antonio Gaudi. The church hasn’t been finished yet. The paintings were produced by great artists. Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists. Athens is found to be the birthplace of western civilization. The Parthenon was built during this period. Greece’s best writers were invited to live in ancient Athens. Other writers were influenced by them. Step 3: Learning about subject and verb agreement Basic Principle: Singular subjects need singular verbs; plural subjects need plural verbs.
For example: My brother is a teacher. My sisters are mathematicians.
The subject of a sentence must agree with the verb of the sentence. How do they agree? They must agree in two ways: in number: singular vs. plural, in person: first, second, or third person.
We all know these meanings of \but when we talk about subject-verb agreement; we're talking about something different: matching subjects and verbs according to number. That is, when you have a singular subject, you have to match it with a singular verb form: The boy plays. When you have a plural subject, you must have a plural verb form: The boys play.
In short, simple sentences, you should have no problem with agreement. You can hear the problem: The boys plays. When it's wrong, it just sounds funny. Step 4: Summarizing subject and verb agreement
“more than one ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数: More than one teachers gets the dictionaries. “many a ＋名词”作主语时，从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词常用单数： Many a workers has been sent to build the dam． “half of, the rest of, most of, all of及百分数或分数＋of 等后接名词”作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定：Three fourths of the land is covered with trees. all指人时，动词用复数；all指物时，动词用单数：All are present and all is going well. what引导的主语从句，谓语动词可视表语而定：表语是单数名词时，动词用单数，相反，则用复数：What they want to get are a number of good cars. and连接的两个单数名词前若用each, every, no修饰，该名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：No man and no dog is found in the room. 当主语后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except等引 的短语时,谓语动词与最前面的主语保持一致:My mother as well as her sisters has been to Taiyuan． each作主语的同位语时， 谓语动词由主语来决定，与each无关：They each have a radio set. 动词不定式、动词-ing形式短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数：Going shopping on weekends is not good. The following 作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致： The following are my articles. 下面是我的文章。 以-ics结尾的学科名词，如politics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。以-s结尾的名词news, works等同属此类：Politics is not interesting. 有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数（trousers, glasses, shoes等）作主语时，前面若有“一条”、“一副”、“一把”之类的单位词，动词用单数；若没有单位词或单位词是复数，则谓语动词用复数：The trousers are ok. “One and a half ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数：One and a half hours is not enough. “one or two/ more＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数：One or two cities are flooded. “one of＋复数名词＋ 定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数；而在“the only one of＋复数名词＋定语从句” 结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数：He is one of the workers who got laid off. 表示时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时，谓语动词常用单数，但若强调数量，谓语动词可用复数：One million yuan is a lot of money. Step 4: Absorb information concerning National College Entrance Examination 高考链接
1. Nobody but Jane ____ the secret. (2005全国)
A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known 2. All but one _____ here just now. (2004全国) A. is B. was C. has been D. were
3. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another. (2003全国)
A. is B. are C. am D. be
4. A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift. (1999全国) A. is offered B. have offered C. are offered D. has offered
5. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet. (2001全国)
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 6. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons. (1996全国)
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