I.
Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars知识点归纳
Important phrases 1．exist vi.存在；生存
(1)exist in 存在于……之中 exist on 靠……为生
There exists/existed ... 某地有……；存在…… (2)existence n. 存在；生存
come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在
2．puzzle vt.使迷惑；使为难；使窘困；感到迷惑n.(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜 (1)puzzle over/about sth.苦苦思索；仔细琢磨…… puzzle sth.out 琢磨出……的答案 a puzzle to sb. 对……来说是个谜
(2)puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人) be puzzled about 对……感到迷惑
puzzling adj. 令人迷惑不解的(常用来修饰事物) 3．pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 pull away (汽车等)开走 pull down 拆毁；摧毁 pull up 停下(车)来；阻止
pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠 pull out 驶出；退出；(使)摆脱困境 pull through 康复；痊愈
4．force vt.促进；强迫n.力量；军队 (1) force sb. to do sth 迫使……做 force sb. into doing sth. 迫使……做 force one's way (into) 强行前进或进入 force sth. on sb. 把……强加于某人 (2)by force 依靠武力
come into force (法律)实施 in force 大批地；大规模地 5．in time及时；终于；总有一天 (1)in no time 立刻；马上
at no time 绝不(位于句首，句子需倒装) at a time 每次；一次 at one time 曾经；一度 at the same time 同时
from time to time 有时；偶尔 (2)take one's time 别着急；慢慢来 kill time 消磨时间
6．in one's turn轮到某人；接着
in turn 依次；轮流；反之；反过来 by turns 轮流；交替地
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
It is one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 It turns/turned out that ... 结果……
7．cheer up(使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋 (1)cheer sb. on(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油 cheer the victory 为胜利而欢呼
(2) cheering adj. 能鼓舞人的；使人振作/高兴的 cheerful adj. 快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的
cheerless adj. 阴冷的；阴暗的；阴郁的；不快乐的 (3) Cheers! (用于祝酒)干杯！
8. solar system ; a social system; a railway system; the present education system 9. lay eggs
10. give birth to 11. block out
12. carbon dioxide 13. manned spaceship
14. watch out; watch out for II. Important sentence patterns
1. make it＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.“使某人做某事……”(it是形式宾语，形容词是宾语补足语，for sb.to do是真正的宾语)。
This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 2．.whether ...depends on whether ...“……是否……取决于是否……”。
So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved
3．倍数的表达方式之一：“A＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。
But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
说明：其他常用倍数表达方式： ①“A＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。 ②“A＋倍数＋the size/height/length/width ...＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。 4．It is/was obvious that ...“很明显……”。
It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.
5. now that引导的原因状语从句
Walking does need a bit of practice now_that_gravity_has_changed (既然地球引力已发生了变化)．
III． 词形变化
1．like vt.喜欢→ dislike vt.不喜欢，厌恶 like prep.像 → prep. unlike不像……的
likely adj. adv.可能的;可能地→unlikely adj. adv
2．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地 3．harmful adj.有害的→harm n．& v．伤害→harmless adj.无害的
4．exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存→existent adj. 存在的 5. biology →biologist physics → physicist
6. foundation/fundament→ fundamental→ fundamentally 7. system → systematic → systematically
Quiz（Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars）
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with proper words.
1．Last year, one of the plants exploded violently (violent), and the local people got into a great panic.
2．There were many fish floating (float) in the river because of the serious pollution. 3．He contrasted the two different economic systems (system) in his speech. 4．Many people are aware of the harmful (harm) effects of smoking. 5．Everyone was a bit puzzled (puzzle) by her sudden departure. 6．Sudan came into existence (exist) at the end of the 1800s. 7．She tapped him gently (gentle) on the shoulder. 8．The present (presence) situation cannot be allowed to continue. Ⅱ. Complete the following sentences.
1．There_exist_many_plants (有许多工厂) along the river.(exist)
2．Some of them have done_great_harm_to (对……有很大危害) the environment.(harm)
3. Hearing that some measures had been taken in time to_prevent_the_pollution_from_getting_ bad_to_worse (阻止污染的进一步恶化), they all cheered up.(prevent)
4．There_is_a_chance_that (有可能) these plants will be moved next year.(chance)
5．Now_that_everyone_agrees_to_the_plan (既然大家都同意这项计划), let's start for Shanghai next weekend.(now that)
6．The new bridge is three_times_the_width_of (三倍宽) that one built last year.(width) 7．We_feel_it_our_duty (我们感觉这是我们的职责) to make our country a better place.(it) 8．When the war broke_out (爆发), the two countries broke off their diplomatic relations.(break) 9．An ugly building blocked_out (挡住) the view from the window.(block) Ⅲ. Complete the passage with proper phrases.
There exist many plants along the river, some of which have done great harm to the environment. Last year, one of them exploded violently; as a result, the local people got into a great panic. Hearing that some measures had been taken in time to prevent the pollution from getting bad to worse, they all cheered up. More importantly, there is a chance that these plants will be moved next year.
IV． Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 结果是(It turned out that ...)她的右腿摔断了，她不得不躺在医院里。(2011·北京书面表达) It_turned_out_that_her_right_leg_was_broken_and_she_had_to_stay_in_the_hospital. 2. 昨天晚会的气氛非常愉快，每一个人都度过了美好的时光。(atmosphere, joyful) The atmosphere at the party last night was very joyful and everyone had a great time. 3. 我经常感到疑惑，为什么有些家长允许自己的孩子看暴力影片。（wonder, allow） I often wonder why some parents allow their children to see violent films. 4. 是什么事使她不能参加我们的庆祝活动仍然是个谜。（prevent…from…） What prevented her (from) attending our celebration remains a mystery. 5. 既然你已经通过了驾驶考试，你就可以独立开车了。（now that） Now that you have passed the driving test, you can drive on your own.
6. 听说云南野生动物园的东北虎11月23日凌晨4点左右生了五个小虎崽，我们都感到非常惊讶。（give birth to）
We were amazed to hear that the northeast tiger in the Yunnan Safari Park gave birth to five baby tigers around four o’clock on the morning of November 23rd .
7. 现在轮到你照看孩子了。Now it_is_your_turn to look after the children. 8. 他们这样做是为了鼓励人们为他们的球队加油。
They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer_their_sports_team_on. 9. 因特网使我们有可能用极其短的时间从其他国家获得更多的信息。
The Internet has made_it_possible_for_us_to_get_more_information from other countries in much less time.
10. 你能否取得进步取决于你是否努力学习。
Whether_you_will_make_progress_depends_on_whether_you_study_hard. 11. 我的房间是你房间的三倍大。(用三种倍数表达法翻译该句子) ② My_room_is_three times_as_large_as_yours. ②My_room_is_three times_the_size_of_yours. ③ My_room_is_twice_larger_than_yours.
12. 很明显，他们并不相信你所说的话。It_was_obvious_that_they_didn't_believe_you. Obviously they didn’t believe you. 13. 用本单元句型翻译下列小片段： 据报道，今年火灾的次数是去年的三倍。上周六，光明路的一家百货商店又发生了火灾。停在道路两边的车辆使消防车难以到达火灾现场，当局说，火灾是由于用电不当引起的。很显然，能否杜绝火灾取决于人们是否有安全意识。
It is reported that we have had three times as many fires as last year. Last Saturday a fire broke out in a department store in Guangming Road. The cars and trucks on both sides of the road made it difficult for the fire trucks to get close to the scene. The authority said that the fire resulted from improper use of electricity. It is obvious that whether we can stop fire disasters depends on whether we have a sense of safety. V. 基础写作之——记叙文(看图作文类)
看图作文的文体一般是记叙文。记叙文以记人叙事为主，是把人物的经历以及事件的发生、发展过程加以表达的一种写作方式。写记叙文时要注意六个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果。多数记叙文在篇末都会点明该事件的意义或给人们的启示，写作时不能忽略这一点。
看图作文的策略技巧：
1．结构：应有一条主线贯穿文章的开头、中间和结尾。常见记叙文结构为： (1)开头：交代事件发生的背景，如时间、地点、人物等因素； (2)中间：进一步叙述某一事件是如何发生的；
(3)结尾：结尾要尽量自然，可点明文章主题，但不宜过多。
2．时态：由于是叙述过去的事，通常使用过去时态，有时为使叙述生动，也使用一般现在时。
3．注意事项：写作前要仔细审题，罗列要点，然后把各要点译成英语，注意句子结构的
完整和用词的地道。注意使用恰当的衔接词使语句衔接，篇章连贯。
写作练习： [写作内容] 假设你是红星中学高二(1)班的学生李华。下面四幅图表述了近期发生在你们班的一个真实故事，请根据图片的先后顺序，为校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文。
[写作要求]
必须用5个句子表达所有信息。
注意：可加上适当的时间状语使故事连贯完整。
Last Monday, we were having our Chinese class when the teacher suddenly slipped and fell, and one of the boys carried her on the back, with the help of some others, to the clinic immediately. It turned out that her right leg was broken and she had to stay in the hospital. The following day, we went to visit her with flowers and fruit. Seeing her lying in bed with her leg wrapped in bandages, we felt sorry for her and hoped that she would recover soon. This Thursday she returned to the class on a wheelchair to give us lessons, for which we were all deeply moved and proud of having such a responsible teacher.
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