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1 河北经贸大学毕业论文

The Analysis of the Tragedy of Tess of the

D’Urbervilles

A Graduation Thesis Submitted by

Zhao Hong-wei

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For

The Degree of Bachelor of Arts

In the Subject of English Language and Literature

To

College of Foreign Languages

Of

Hebei University of Economics and Business

Supervisor：Zhang Feng-xiang

Nov17, 2012

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2 河北经贸大学毕业论文

Acknowledgements

In writing this paper, I have benefited from the presence of my teachers and my classmates. They generously helped me collect materials I needed and made many invaluable suggestions. I hereby extend my grateful thanks to them for their kind help, without which the paper would not have been what it is.

Particularly, I am deeply indebted to Professor Zhang Feng-xiang, my supervisor, who guided me throughout my writing of this thesis. She carefully read the whole draft and offered painstaking and precious criticism. Her excellent advices have made my revision and exciting and gratifying experience. I also wish to sincerely thank my roommates and friends. Their brilliant ideas and perceptive observations have proved immensely constructive.

My parents took good care of my life and gave me a lot of encouragement when I was working at this thesis. They always share my weal and woe. I feel much grateful and heartily owe my achievement to them.

Furthermore, none of this would have been possible without the help of those individuals and organizations hereafter mentioned with gratitude: our school library and its staff, the library of Hebei Norman University, and the National Library of China and its staff.

Zhao Hong-wei

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3 河北经贸大学毕业论文 内容摘要

《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代的代表作之一。该作品写于维多利亚时期的19世纪末期。哈代向我们描述了以为纯洁，勤劳，具有奉献精神的以为美丽的乡村女孩。在英国文学史上，苔丝一直被认为是以为最具代表性，突出性的一位女性。但是她的生活是不幸的。而导致她不行生活的因素有很多。文章将从社会因素，宗教道德因素，家庭背景，苔丝本身的性格，宿命论以及导致其悲剧的必然性来分析苔丝悲惨的生活以及一步步走上死亡的原因。苔丝生活在一个贫穷的乡村家庭。她的父亲是一个商贩。当她的父亲得知自己的家族是高贵的德伯尔家族时，他不再工作，天天酗酒。家庭的负担落在了苔丝的肩上。所以她的家庭是她悲剧的开始。而她真正的悲剧是她去寻求富裕的安里克的帮助。安里克是直接导致她不幸生活的人。苔丝以后的生活都受这个男人的影响，她的生活彻底改变了，她恨这个男人，但她无法摆脱他。在小说的最后，苔丝为了摆脱他，只能把他杀死，而这样的后果是苔丝被判了死刑，最终走向了死亡。安吉尔是以为有新思想，有抱负的年轻人，他想拥有自己的一个农场。但是他还是受传统思想和宗教的束缚。所以他不能原谅苔丝的过去。苔丝深深地爱着安吉尔，为了他可以付出自己的一切甚至生命。不幸的苔丝失去了一次让她幸福的机会。导致苔丝悲剧的一个重要原因是她的性格。她是一个纯洁，善良的姑娘，使她对这个社会，人际关系缺乏了解，使她上了安里克的当，而她本身思想上残存着旧的思想使她为自己的过去感到羞愧，认为自己有罪。本篇文章将从社会，家庭，性格，宗教观念，宿命论，以及苔丝悲剧的必然性来分析造成苔丝悲剧的原因。

关键词: 社会；家庭；性格；悲剧；宗教

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4 河北经贸大学毕业论文 Abstract

Tess of the D’Urbervilles is one of the masterpieces of Thomas Hardy of the Victorian Times in the late 1 9th Century，the heroin Tess is created as an attractive and pure woman who has the quality of endurance and self-sacrifice. Tess has long been regarded as the most exceptional woman character in the British history of literature. However the life of this pure woman is tragic. The tragic factors of Tess are profound and complicated. We can see that Tess is born in poor family. Her father is just a vendor. When her father knows their family is late generation of the high blood of D’Urbervilles, he does not work anymore. All economic burdens fall on Tess. Her family is one of cause of her tragedy. Her second tragedy is when she kin her relatives. Alec is the person who directly causes her tragedy. Her fate changes completely because of him and Tess can not get rid of this man in her later life. What she can do to get rid of him is to kill him in the end, which makes Tess commit and step to death. Angel is the second person who pulls Tess to the tragedy. Angel is a man who has new minds and wants to build a farm. But he is also bounded by traditional concepts and religion. So he can not forgive Tess. However, Tess loves this man deeply whom she can give her life. She loses the chance of gaining happiness. One important cause of her tragedy is her personal characters. Her innocence, pure, kind is also the weakness. And her traditional concepts and religion is also the cause of her tragedy. This paper intends to explain the causes of Tess’s tragedy on the basis of exploring social reasons, family background, personal characters, fatalism.

Key words: society; family; characters; tragedy; religion

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