第4讲 代词
近几年高考在代词上主要考查其基本用法，相对比较简单。考生在解题时要根据语意语境去判断人称和数，要认真阅读上下文，看清指代对象，并注意分析其成分以确定代词的格。未来高考对代词的考查仍将侧重其基本用法，且会加强语境的复杂性。
考点感悟 语法填空
语法填空中对代词的考查侧重于对人称代词、物主代词、反身代词及替代词和it的考查。
感1.(2019·浙江杭州外国语学校高三月考)________ (it) is difficult to figure out where the miners are and reach them in time.
答案：It 此处it是形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，故答案为It。
短文改错
短文改错中主要考查代词的指代错误、代词数与格的误用，人称代词与反身代词的误用及物主代词、不定代词的错用等。
感1.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment ...
_____________________
答案：yourselves→themselves 此处指代主语customers，要用themselves。
语法填空
2.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________ (they) alive.
答案：them 跟在动词find后作宾语，故应用人称代词的宾格形式。 3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively three－month－old twin that had been rejected by ________ (it) mother.
答案：its 修饰名词mother，应用形容词性物主代词。
4.(2019·青海西宁三校高三联考)It's a fascinating event for visitors to absorb ________ (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum.
答案：themselves 短语absorb oneself in表示“集中注意力在……上”，指代visitors，故填themselves。
悟1.学会判断是否该填代词 高考时代词的考查有时给提示词，有时不给提示词，如果没有给提示词，且简单句中缺少主语或宾语，这时一般要填代词，主要包括人称代词、替代词和it ；如果所给提示词为代词，则人称代词需要考虑变为宾格、物主代词或反身代词以及it变为its等。
2.学会判断该填何种代词 ①根据所作成分(参考考点素能一)。②根据所指对象：这类通常是考查替代词，一般也不给提示词，如that，those，one(s)，it等。③it用法：主要考查作形式主语或形式宾语或固定结构。④代词的固定搭配：如one ... another, some ... the other ... 等。
短文改错
2.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid, I love to watch cartoons, but ... They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. _____________________
答案：us→me 根据上下文可知，谈话的对象应为“我”。
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town, and he was strong and powerful. _____________________
答案：himself→him 此处意为“他有深沉的嗓音，这使他与他人区分开”。 4.(2019·四川绵阳高三第二次诊断)Those out-of-class activities in deed helped us relieve the pressure from learning, and promoted us enthusiasm for future study. _____________________
答案：第二个us→our 此处表述“激发了我们对未来学习的热情”。用形容词性物主代词修饰名词enthusiasm “热情”。
5.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. _____________________
答案：parents前加his 根据句意“五分钟后，托尼看见了他的父母”可知答案。
悟1.代词前后要一致 ①看到代词要考虑它与指代内容的数及所有格是否一致；②看到不定代词要考虑它的含义、特点、作用及与其他相近不定代词的区别；③切莫受汉语影响而导致代词的误加或遗漏。
2.夯实基础语法知识 一方面考生要熟悉代词所作成分及考试形式，如，修饰名词常用形容词性物主代词，单独使用常用名词性物主代词；另一方面要牢记常见的代词的区别。此外在做题时，还要注意从语意、语境上去考虑，这样才能做到万无一失。
考点素能
一 根据句子成分，确定代词形式
1．作主语，用人称代词主格。 2．作宾语或表语，用人称代词宾格。
3．作定语，修饰一个名词，用形容词性物主代词。
4．作主语、宾语或表语，且常单独使用，用名词性物主代词。 5．作宾语、表语或同位语，且反射句子主语，用反身代词。
二 根据句式结构和指代内容，判断使用it的情况 1．it可指代上文提到过的同一事物或同一内容。 2．it可指代天气、时间、距离、金钱等。
3．it可作形式主语或宾语，指代不定式、动名词或从句，而把真正的主语或宾语后置。
4．某些及物动词(通常是表示情感的动词)或短语不能直接跟从句，须先用it作宾语，再加从句，常见的有like, dislike, hate, love, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on, see to等。
5．it常用于一些固定搭配中，如 make it(成功)，it is no wonder that ... (难怪……)，when it comes to ... (当谈到……)，if I can help it(如果我有办法)，as sb. put it(正如某人所言)，it takes sb. some time to do sth.(做某事花了某人多长时间)，it is the first time that ... (第一次……)，it is/was ... that/who ... (强调句式)等。
三 根据句式和范围，确定不定代词
1．两者：“二者选其一”用either；“二者都不”用neither；“二者都”用both。
2．三者或三者以上：“三者或三者以上的任何一个”用any；“三者或三者以上的都不”选用none；“三者或三者以上都”选用all。
3．其他：若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用another；若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the other；若表示
“其余的，另外的”且在名词前用other；若不跟名词且指代复数，用others。 4．肯定句用something，否定句和疑问句用anything。 四 根据指代意义，确定替代词
1．若指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词则用that，其复数形式为those。
2．若指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”则用one，其复数形式为ones。 3．指代同一事物或内容，则用it。
过关检测(限时：30分钟)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When he came to life, he found ________ (he) lying on the ground, bleeding in the head.
答案：himself
2．I hope my parents won't try to force me to do ________ (they) favorite job. 答案：their
3．She asked ________ (I) name and said she didn't remember me. 答案：my
4．—Are you going to get your own car after the test? —My parents have said they'll get ________ for me. 答案：one
5．—How many students are there in the classroom now? —________. I have locked it. 答案：None
6．Both teams were in hard training; ________ was willing to lose the game. 答案：neither
7．When I was on the airplane, I kept telling ________ (I) that I had to be strong when facing any troubles or problems.
答案：myself
8．However, his fame was not accompanied by money and he found ________ necessary to return to farming.
答案：it Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Nang is a special kind of cake in Xinjiang. I like them very much. _____________________ 答案：them→it
2．We are now back home. Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals.
_____________________
答案：them→us
3．Finally, I should be able to tell visitors about our history and culture and show them their great achievements.
_____________________
答案：their→our
4．About 36% of them are fond of surfing the Internet, which helps him know about the latest news and current affairs in the world.
_____________________
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