2019-2020学年人教版英语八年级下册
Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
单元知识点整理
一.基础知识讲解.
What were people doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm? 【解析1】过去进行时 过去进行时态
⑴ .用法：①过去某个时间正在发生的动作 He was cooking at six last night. 昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。
②过去某段时间正在发生的动作
I was staying here from March to May last year.去年从3月到5月，我一直呆在这里。
⑵ .与过去进行时连用的时间状语有 at nine last night/ at that time= then/at this time yesterday 或有when the teacher came in/ while he was reading的提示 ⑶ 过去进行时的构成：was\\were +现在分词 ⑷ 过去进行时的四个基本句型
肯定句 He was cooking at six last night. 否定句 He was not cooking at six last night.
一般疑问句 Was he cooking at six last night? 两回答 Yes ,he was. No, he wasn’t.
特殊疑问句 What was he doing at six last night? ⑸ 过去进行时的固定句型
Jim was reading when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候，吉姆正在读书。 Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的同时，吉姆正在读书。
Jim came in while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。 ⑹请比较 He watched TV last night. （过去时间last night, 用一般过去时）
He was watching TV at nine last night. (过去时间last night+点时间at nine, 用过去进行时) 巩固练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Now Jim’s sister __________________(read) newspapers. 2.He __________________(watch)TV at nine last night. 3.He __________________(watch)TV last night.
4. What __________________the twins __________________(do) then?
5. — ________Lily ______________(draw) a cat when the teacher came in ? — No, she _________
6. __________________you __________________(have) supper at that time? 7. Jack __________________(not read) a book at nine yesterday evening.
8. Now Jim __________________(play) basketball on the playground（操场）. 9. What ___________________ he _______________ (do) at nine o’clock last night. 10. They ___________________ (listen) to the music at that time.
11. When the teacher came in, the students ___________________ (read) the text. 12. We ___________________ (watch) TV when suddenly the telephone rang.
13. Her mother ____________(cook) while her father was watching TV.
2. go off 发出响声, (闹钟)闹响 ，离开 The alarm went off just now. 刚才警钟响了 【短语】 go over 复习 go away 离开 go by (时间)过去go for a walk 出去散步 go fishing/shopping/skating/swimming 3.heavily adv 在很大程度上 heavy heavily adj. 沉重的 adv 沉重地 How heavy are you? The army lost heavily 形容风大的时候常用strong/hard, 形容雨雪下得大的时候用heavily/hard 【注】heavy改y为i +ly 变为adv ,类似的adj还有：
hungry 饥饿的 hungrily
happy 快乐的 happily
angry 生气的 angrily
lucky 幸运的 luckily
4.either 也
【辨析】also /too/as well/ either
(1) also 也，用于肯定句句中，用在实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。 (2) too 也， 用于肯定句句末 (3) either 也 ，通常放于否定句末 【练习】用either, also , too, as well 填空
Tom can sing this song . I can sing it, _____. ②Tom can sing this song, I can sing it _______. ③Tom can sing this song, I can _____sing it.④Tom couldn’t sing this song, I couldn’t , _______. ⑤ He can’t swim .I can’t,_____. A. too B. also C. either D. neither 5.work 运转；发挥作用 The madicine doesn’t work. 【拓展】work有三个意思很容易弄混：
表示“工作”，是不可数名词： He has too much work to do. work →worker ⑵. 表示“著作”或“作品”，是可数名词，但多用复数：He has read many of Hemingway’s works. ⑶ 表示“工厂”，只用复数形式，但可表示单数意义： The glass works（=factory) is [are] near the station. 6.at first 首先；最初
【拓展】(1) at first = at the beginning 最初，开始 (2) first of all 首先，第一 7. He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m 【解析1】 fall asleep 进入梦乡；睡着 【拓展】sleep / asleep 辨析：
(1) sleep =be in bed v 睡觉，指睡的动作状态，
(2) get to sleep =fall asleep 入睡，强调进入睡眠的状态 (3)go to bed 上床睡觉，强调睡觉的动作。 8.die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
【拓展】die down与die out的用法区别： 指火的熄灭时，用die down或die out皆可。
die down往往指火势由强到弱慢慢熄灭，植物慢慢死亡这一过程； die out:指家庭、种族、物种、组织、信仰等的消失或消亡。 This kind of bird has died out in the world.
9. When he woke up. the sun was rising 当他醒来的时候，太阳已经升起来了。 【解析1】wake up (v+ adv) 醒来；睡醒
【解析2】rise 增加；提高；增强；上升，升起 rise raise 升起；上升 举起；提高 主语自身移向较高位置 主语发出的动作作用于其他事物 Price rose gradually Let’s raise our glasses to Tom. 10.join 加入；参加
【辨析】join/join in/take part in
(1) join=be a member of 参加 ,指加入某种组织，并成为其中的一员。
join the army / party 入伍/ 党 join the club 加入俱乐部 ◆ join in 后接活动名称
◆ join sb. 加入到某个人群之中
(2) take part in 参加 ，指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。 11.What event happened at the school yesterday?昨天学校发生了什么事？ 【解析】 happen 发生；碰巧（指偶然性发生）
(1) happen v “发生”没有被动语态 ，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性
a. sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上What happened to you?=What was wrong with him? b. sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事 She happened ________(be) out when we called. (2)take place 发生，指事情有计划有安排地发生The sports meeting took place in our school last week.
(3) It happened that…碰巧
12.remember to do sth与remember doing sth的用法区别。 ⑴remember to do sth记得去做某事（此事还未做） Remember to turn off the light when you leave the room. ⑵remember doing sth记得做过某事（此事已做完） I remember turning off the light when I left the room.
【拓展】 art n 艺术→ artist n艺术家 science n 科学→ scientist 科学家 piano n 钢琴 →pianist n 钢琴家
13.Robert and his friends were surprised to hear the news. 【解析1】be surprised to do sth 做某事很吃惊
【拓展】surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的
→surprised adj. 吃惊的 to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对……感到吃惊
①__________________(使我吃惊的是），he got the first prize in the exam. ②We are ____________at the _____________news.(surprise) 【解析2】hear的用法 hear意为“听见”，强调听的结果。 【结构】：hear sb. do sth听见某人做某事； hear sb. doing sth听见某人正在做某事 We can often hear some children play on the playground.
I heard my sister singing an English song in her room when I came back. hear也有“听说”之意，这时后接that引导的宾语从句。
①hear about意为“听说”，相当于hear of，后面接词或短语。 I have heard about/of the story before. 我以前就听说过这个故事。
②hear from意为“收到.......的来信；有.......的消息”，=get/receive a letter from.
I haven’t heard from my mother for months.我已经好几个月没有收到我妈妈的来信了。
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