6.副词和形容词

龙文教育学科教师辅导讲义（第 讲）

教师： 学生： 课 题 形容词＆副词 1. 掌握英语中形容词，副词的语法特点及它们之间的语义差异 教学目标 2. 比较级和最高级的构成和用法 3. 准确辨析一些常用近义副词 重点、难点 比较级和最高级的构成和用法 副词词义的辨析 １.用法 ２.位置 ３.比较级和最高级的构成和用法 教学内容 形容词，副词的用法 1. 形容词的用法和位置 Computers are very useful in our life. (表语) This is an unhealthy diet.(定语) I have something important to tell you.(定语，后置) Trees keep air fresh.(宾语补足语) 2. 副词的用法和位置 多数副词都可以放在动词的后面,如果动词带有宾语,副词就放在宾语后面。 频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,be动词，情态动词和第一个助动词之后。 We often go swimming in summer. （状语，修饰动词） She is often the first to come to class. (状语，修饰动词) I have never been to the Botanical Gardens. (状语，修饰动词) Please stay inside until the typhoon leaves. (状语，修饰动词) It rained heavily last night. (状语，修饰动词) 疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面 Luckily, he still got the first prize.( 状语，修饰整个句子) He was too disappointed to say a word. (状语，修饰形容词) 修饰形容词，副词一类时，副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面

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考点及考试要求

Space planes are very fast.(状语，修饰形容词) We got up early enough to catch the first bus. (状语，修饰副词，后置) 副 词 的 分 类: 分 类 时间和频度副词 例词 now, then, often, always, usually, early, today, lately, next, last, already, generally, frequently, seldom, ever, never, yet, soon, too, immediately, hardly, finally, shortly, before, ago, sometimes, yesterday. 地点副词 here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on. 方式副词 carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly 程度副词 much, little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly 疑问副词 关系副词 连接副词 副 词 的 定 义: 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。 副 词 的 比 较 等 级: 副词和形容词一样,也有它的比较级和最高级形式. 可以参考形容词的变换形式。但以词尾 -ly 结尾的副词（除 early ）须用 more 和 most 。 how, when, where, why. when, where, why how, when, where, why, whether 2

hard harder hardest fast faster fastest early earlier earliest much more most warmly more warmly most warmly 单音节副词的比较级是在副词后面加上 -er 构成的，最高级是在副词后面加上 -est 构成的。 near nearer nearest hard harder hardest 多音节副词的比较级是在副词的前面加上 -more 构成的。 最高级是在副词前面加上 -most 构成的。 warmly more warmly most warmly successfully more successfully most successfully 有些副词的比较级和最高级形式是不规则的。 well-better - best little - less - least Much- more - most badly - worse - worst far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest) 副词的比较级和最高级用法同形容词的比较级用法基本一样。 最高级形式句中 the 可以省略。 He works harder than I. Lucy gets up earlier than Lili. He runs fastest in our class. He dives deeper than his teammates. It's true that he speak English more fluently than any of us. Our school team play football best in our region. 兼有两种形式的副词 1.close与closely close 意思是“接近”；closely意思是“仔细地”。 E.g. He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. 2.late与lately late 意思是“晚”；lately意思是“最近”。 3

E.g. You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? 3.deep与deeply deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply 时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。 E.g. He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4.high与highly high表示空间高度；highly 表示程度，相当于much。 E.g. The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5. wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方” E.g. He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. 6. free与freely free 的意思是“免费”；freely 意思是“无限制地”。 E.g. You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like. 7.hard 与hardly hard 意为“努力地，辛苦地，剧烈地，猛烈地”，hardly意为“几乎不” E.g. You should study hard as students. I can hardly catch up with you. Can you walk a little slowly? 8. how long/how soon/how far/how often —How long have you been in China? —For three months. —How soon will you come back? —In five minutes. —How often do you visit your grandparents? —Once a week. 4