混凝土桥梁产生裂缝的原因、案例分析及常见解决措施

目 录

第1章：混凝土桥梁产生裂缝的原因................................................................................3

1 温度变化引起的裂缝................................................................................................3 1.1 温差.................................................................................................................3. 1.2 日照.................................................................................................................3 1.3 骤然降温.........................................................................................................3 1.4 水化热.............................................................................................................3. 1.5 蒸汽养护.........................................................................................................3 2 荷载产生裂缝的原因................................................................................................4 2.1 弯曲裂缝.........................................................................................................4 2.2 剪切裂缝.........................................................................................................4 2.3 断开裂缝.........................................................................................................4 3 收缩引起的裂缝塑性收缩........................................................................................4 3.1 水泥品种、标号及用量.................................................................................5 3.2 骨料品种.........................................................................................................5 3.3 水灰比.............................................................................................................5 3.4 外掺剂.............................................................................................................5. 3.5养护方法..........................................................................................................5 3.6 外界环境.........................................................................................................5 3.7 振捣方式及时间.............................................................................................5 4 地基沉降引起的裂缝................................................................................................6 4.1 地质勘察.........................................................................................................6 4.2 地基地质.........................................................................................................6 4.3 结构荷载.........................................................................................................6 4.4 结构基础类型.................................................................................................6 4.5 分期建造的基础.............................................................................................6 4.6 地基冻胀.........................................................................................................6 4.7 不良地质.........................................................................................................6 4.8 地基条件的变化.............................................................................................6 4.9 水平位移裂缝.................................................................................................7 5 原材料引起的混凝土裂缝........................................................................................7 5.1 水泥.................................................................................................................7 5.2 砂、石骨料.....................................................................................................7 5.3 拌合水及外加剂.............................................................................................8 6 钢筋锈蚀引起的裂缝................................................................................................8 7 冻胀引起的裂缝........................................................................................................8 8施工工艺引起的混凝土裂缝.....................................................................................9 8.1 混凝土保护层.................................................................................................9 8.2 混凝土振捣.....................................................................................................9. 8.3 混凝土浇筑.....................................................................................................9 8.4 混凝土搅拌、运输.........................................................................................9 8.5 混凝土初期养护.............................................................................................9 8.6 混凝土泵送.....................................................................................................9 8.7 混凝土接缝.....................................................................................................9

8.8 混凝土早期受冻..........................................................................................10 8.9 模板刚度..................................................................................................... 10 8.10 混凝土拆模............................................................................................... 10 8.11 混凝土支架............................................................................................... 10 8.12 装配式结构............................................................................................... 10 8.13 施工顺序................................................................................................... 10 8.14 施工质量控制............................................................................................10 实例分析.....................................................................................................................11 第2章 混凝土桥梁裂缝的预防措施...............................................................................12

1 设计方面.................................................................................................................12 2 原材料质量和配合比设计方面.............................................................................12 2.1 水泥的选择..................................................................................................12. 2.2 砂石的选择..................................................................................................12 2.3 外加剂..........................................................................................................12 2.4 配合比的控制..............................................................................................12 3 施工控制方面.........................................................................................................12 3.1 模板支撑......................................................................................................12 3.2 夏季施工......................................................................................................13 3.3 振捣施工......................................................................................................13 3.4 浇筑连续性..................................................................................................13 3.5 冬季施工......................................................................................................13 3.6 混凝土养护..................................................................................................13 3.7 U形桥台台背防水.......................................................................................13 3.8 钢筋锈蚀......................................................................................................13 3.9 防止冻胀裂缝..............................................................................................13 第3章 混凝土桥梁裂缝的修补措施...............................................................................15.

1 表面修补法.............................................................................................................15 1.1涂抹水泥砂浆...............................................................................................15 1.2涂抹环氧胶泥...............................................................................................16 1.3环氧粘结玻璃布...........................................................................................16 1.4涂刷油漆、沥青...........................................................................................16 1.5凿槽嵌补.......................................................................................................16 2 内部修补法.............................................................................................................16 2.1 水泥灌浆......................................................................................................16 2.2 化学灌浆......................................................................................................17 3 结构加固法.............................................................................................................17 4 结构补强法.............................................................................................................17 结语.....................................................................................................................................18 致谢.....................................................................................................................................19 主要参考文献.....................................................................................................................20

混凝土桥梁裂缝的种类和产生的原因

摘要：混凝土因其取材广泛、价格低廉、抗压强度高、可浇筑成各种形状，并且耐火性好、不易风化、养护费用低，成为当今世界建筑结构中使用最广泛的建筑材料。混凝土最主要的缺点是抗拉能力差，容易开裂。本文对混凝土桥梁裂缝的种类和产生的原因作出了分析和总结，以便找到处理混凝土桥梁裂缝的可行办法，达到防范于未然，同时简述了桥梁病害的常用预防措施与处理措施。

关键词：混凝土桥梁；裂缝；裂缝种类；预防措施；处理方法

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Summary：Concrete has the following characteristics：Extensive coverage range、Low price、High compressive strength、Pouring into various shapes and fire resistance、Difficult to weathering、Low maintenance costs，so it become the most widely used construction material in the world today building structure, The main disadvantage of concrete is tensile strength and easy to crack. In this paper, the types and causes of concrete bridge cracks analyzed and summarized, In order to find possible ways to deal with cracks in the concrete bridge. The purpose is to take preventive measures, Also outlined bridge disease common preventive measures and treatment measures.

Keyword: Concrete bridges、Crack、Types of cracks、Precaution、 Processing Method.

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