8. The following phrases include a head, a complement, and in some cases a specifier. Draw the appropriate tree structure for each phrases. a. rich in minerals
AP
A PP P NP N Rich in minerals
b. often read detective stories
VP Qual V NP
A N
Often read detective stories
c. the argument against the proposals
NP
NP PP
Det N P NP Det N
the argument against the proposals
d. already above the window
PP
Qual P NP
Det N
already above the window
9. The following sentences contain modifiers of various types. For each sentence, first identify the modifier(s), then draw the tree structures.
a. A crippled passenger landed the airplane with extreme caution. Infl P(S)
NP Infl VP V NP PP Det AP N None pst
Det N P NP A
AP N A
A crippled passenger landed the airplane with extreme caution
b. A huge moon hung in the black sky.
Infl P (s)
NP Infl VP
Det AP N V PP P NP A
Det AP N
A
A huge moon hung in the black sky
C. The man examined his car carefully yesterday.
Infl P（S）
NP infl VP
Det N pst V NP Adv Adv Det N
The man examined his car carefully yesterday
d. A wooden hut near the lake collapsed in the storm. Infl P (S)
NP Infl VP
Det AP N PP V PP
P NP P NP
Det N Det N
A wooden hut neat the lake collapsed in the storm
10. The following sentences all contain conjoined categories. Draw a tree structure for each of the sentences.
a. Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants. InflP(=S)
NP ＶＰ
Aux V NP N
Det A NP N CON N Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants or
InflP(=S)
NP ＶＰ
Aux V NP N
Det A NP N CON N Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants
b. Helen put on her clothes and went out.
InflP(=S)
NP VP
VP CON VP
VP NP V Adv V P Det N
Helen put on her clothes and went out
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