2013年职称英语等级考试(理工类A级)真题

2013年职称英语等级考试（理工类A级）真题

一、词汇选择

第1题： The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.

A. inflexible B.general plex D.direct

第2题： This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.

A. turned dead B.passed by C.carried away D.become extinct

第3题： The contract between the two companies will expire soon.

A. shorten B.end C.start D.resume

第4题： Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.

A. argue B.claim C.wish pete

第5题： The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.

A. simple B．Reliable C. effective D.alternative

第6题： Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.

A. moral B.regular C.fundamental D.hard

第7题： The drinking water has became contaminated with lead.

A. polluted B.treated c.tested D.corrupted

第8题： Come out, or I'll bust the door down.

A. shut B.set C.break D.beat

第9题： She shed a few tears at her daughter's wedding.

A. wiped B.inj ected c.produced D.removed

第10题： They didn't seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.

A. existence B.importance C.cause D.situation

第11题： The tower remains intact even after two hundred years.

A. unknown B.unusual C.undamaged D.unstable

第12题： Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.

A. doubtful B.untouched C.certain D.silent

第13题： The proposal was endorsed by the majority of members.

A. rejected B.submitted C.considered D.approved

第14题： Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.

A. send B.spread C.hear D.confirm

第15题： The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.

A. naked B.cautious C.blind D.private

二、阅读判断

第16题： New Understanding of Natural Silk's Mysteries Natural silk as we all know, has a strength that man-made materials havc long struggled to match. In a discovery that sounds morc like an ancient Chinese proverb than a materials science break- through, MIT rescarchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its

weakness. Or, more spe- cifically, its many weaknesses. Silk gets its extraordinary durability and ductility（柔韧性）from an un- usual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are intrinsically very weak but that work together to create a strong, flexible structure. Most materials-especially the ones we engineer for strength- -get their toughness from brittleness. As such, natural silks like those produced by spiders have long fascinated both biologists and engineers because of their light weight, ductility and high strcngth (pound for pound, silk is stronger than stecl and far less brit- tle). But on its face, it doesn't seem that silks should be as strong as they are; molecularly, they are held to- gether by hydrogen bonds, which are far weaker than the covalent(共价的)bonds found in other molecules. To get a better

understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through such weak bonds, the MIT team created a set of computer models that allowed them to observe the way silk be- haves at the atomic level. They found that the arrangement of the tiny silk nanocrystals（纳米晶体）1S such that the hydrogen bonds are able to work

cooperatively, reinforcing one another against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not to allow a sudden fracture to spread across a silk structure. The result is natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree of strength. But whilc that's all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding of silk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than those we can currently manufacture. ()ur best and

strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult to produce (requiring high tempera- ture treatments or cnergy-intensive processes). By looking to silk as a model, researchers could potentially devise new manufacturing methods that rely on inexpensive mlaterials and weak bonds to create less rigid, morc forgiving materials that are nonetheless strongcr than anything currcntly on offer. And if you thought you were going to get out of this matcrials science story without hearing about carbon nanotubes（纳米碳管），think again. The MIT team is already in the lab

looking into ways of synthesizing silk-like structures out of materi- als that are stronger than natural silk-likc carbon nanotubes. Super-silks are on the horizon. 1小题>、 MIT researchers carry out the study to illustrate an ancient Chinesc

proverb. A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

2小题>、 Silk's strength comcs from its weak hydrogen bonds working togethcr. A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

3小题>、 Biologist and engineers are interestcd in understanding natural silks because they are very light and brittle. A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioncd

4小题>、 lf the hydrogen bonds break due to external forces, they break fast. A.

Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

5小题>、 The MIT team had tried different materials befoie they studied natural silk in their research. A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

6小题>、 Carbon nanotubes are currently the most popular topic in materials science.

A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

7小题>、 It is indicated that materials strongcr than natural silk can be expected in the future. A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

三、概括大意与完成句子

第17题： Black Holes 1. Black holes can be best described as a sort of

vacuum,sucking up everything in space. Scientists have discovered that black holes comle from an cxplosion of huge stars. Stars that are near death can no longer burn due to loss of fuel,and because its temperature can no longer control the

gravitational(重 力的)force,hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the star's

surface until it suddenly explodes then collapses. 2. Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen,other gases and a few metals. When thesc explode it can turn into a stellar-mass（恒星质量）black hole,which can only occur if the star is largc enough(should be bigger than the sun) for the explosion to break it into

pieces,and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle. Try to see and compare:if a star that's ten times the size of the sun ends up being a black hole that's no longer than 70 kilometers,then the Earth would become a black hole that's only a fraction of an inch! 3. Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there,never to break free. But re- membcr that black holes can only gobble up（吞噬）objects within a specific distance to it.It's possible for a large star near the sun to become a black hole,but the sun will continue to stay in place. Orbits （轨道）do not changc because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star,only this time its mass is totally contractcd that it can end up as no bigger than a state. 4. So

far,astronomcrs have figured OLit that black holes exist because of Albert

Einstein's theory of relativity. In the end,through numerous studies,thcy have discovered that black holes truly exist. Since black holes trap light and do not give off light,it is nearly impossible to detect black holes via a tclcscope. 13ut astronomers continue to study galaxies（银河系）,space and the solar system to under- stand hc)w black holes might evolve. It is possible that black hole.s can exist for millions of years,and later contribute to a bigger process in

galaxies,which can eventually lead to creation of new entities. Scicntists also

credit black holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form. 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 A.Is there proof that black holes really exist? B. What are different types of black holes? C. How are black holes formed? D. How were black holes named? E. What happens to the objects around a black hole? F. What are black holes made of?

1小题>、 23. Paragrahp1

2小题>、 24. Paragrahp2

3小题>、 25. Paragrahp3

4小题>、 26. Paragrahp4

5小题>、 A. the creation of new entities B. an explosion of huge.stars C. the

tiniest particle D. the same amount of mass E. the existence of black holes F. a fraction of an inch 27. Black holes are formed after

6小题>、 28. When a large star explodes, the gravity compacts every piece into 7小题>、 29. A newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of

8小题>、 30. Albert Einstein's theory of relativity helps to prove

四、阅读理解

第18题： 第一篇 Forecasting Methods There are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method forecastcr chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the fore- caster, the

level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confi- dence needed in the forecast. The first of these methods is the

persistence method; the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For ex- ample, if it is sunny and 87 degree today, the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degree tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the

persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However9 if

weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persist- ence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use. The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation（降水量）.Using this

information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is l, OOO miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, using the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 davs. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period of time. If they slow down, speed up, change intensi- ty, or change direction9 the trends forecast will probably not work as well. The climatology(气候学)method is

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