Unit4语言点分析

Unit 4, Book II

Language Study

virtual: adj.

① very nearly a particular thing, substantial实质上的

e.g. In constitutional monarchy, the virtual power lies in the Prime Minster and the Cabinet, but not in the king or the queen. 在君主立宪政体中，实质的权利在首相和内阁手中，而不在国王或女王手中。 ?adv. virtually

② made, done, seen etc on the Internet or on a computer, rather than in the real world虚拟的 e.g. The website allows you to take a virtual tour of the art gallery.

=============================================================================== #Para 1

My boyfriend’s Liverpool accent suddenly becomes impossible to interpret after his easily understood words on screen; a secretary’s clipped tone seems more rejecting than I’d imagined it would be. (para1)

What does the sentence imply? ?

The author has become more familiar with the virtual world than the real world. Translation ?

显示屏上看多了我男朋友那些一目了然的文字，他的利物浦口音一下子变得难以听懂；而秘书的清脆快速的语调听上去比我想象的要生硬。 accent

易混词辨析：accent, ascent, assent

① We were exhilarated at their successful _____ of Mount Qomolangma. (他们成功攀登珠穆朗玛峰的

消息让我们兴奋不已。)

(ascent n. 攀登，上升，上坡路。用法：[C, U]，常与介词to或of搭配。)

② You can easily tell where she is from as she speaks with a strong Birmingham _____. (你很容易辨出

她来自何处，因为她带着很重的伯明翰口音。) (accent n. 口音，本地腔调

南腔北调? speak with a mixture of accents)

③ I’d appreciate it if you could give your _____ to my request. (要是您能同意我的请求，我将不胜感激。) e.g.

(assent n. & v. 同意，赞同。用法：比较正式的用语。作名词时，常与give, nod等搭配，为动宾短语，后可接to介词短语。作动词时，常与介词to搭配。 e.g. That the manager assented to my proposal without any hesitation gave me great confidence. 经理毫不犹豫地同意了我的计划，给了我极大信心。)

interpret:

① vt. to explain the meaning of something 解释；理解 e.g. 1) 联邦法院也解释联邦法律、机构规章及决定。

Federal courts also interpret federal legislation and federal agency rules and decisions.

2) In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to interpret dreams were likely to be highly respected. 在许多文化中，被人们认为有能力解梦的人可能会很受尊重。

interpret sth. as sth.

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Unit 4, Book II

1) His refusal to work late was interpreted as a lack of commitment to the company. 2) This type of reporting can be interpreted as deliberate distortion or worse: subversion.

这类报道可以说是蓄意歪曲、或者说得更恶劣一些：是颠覆政府。

② vi. to translate口译

e.g. They spoke good Spanish, and promised to interpret for me.

同声 / 交替传译simultaneous / consecutive interpretation interpreter (n.)

③ n. interpretation 解释、翻译

模棱两可的解释 a double interpretation 理由充分的解释 a justifiable interpretation 片面的解释 a one-sided interpretation 有点牵强的解释 a rather forced interpretation 对文本的曲解 a violent interpretation of the text 字面上的解释 literal interpretation 对法律的严谨/统一解释 the strict / uniform interpretation of a law

第22届韩素音翻译大赛获奖译文：寻常幸福： 隐逸的生活似乎在传统意识中一直被认为是幸福的至高境界。但这种孤傲遁世同时也是孤独的，纯粹的隐者实属少数，而少数者的满足不能用来解读普世的幸福模样。 It seems that, in the traditional sense, a life of recluse has long been considered as the supreme state of happiness. However, this kind of proud withdrawal from the world is meanwhile lonely. In fact, there are few unadulterated recluses. And the satisfaction of the few cannot be used to interpret the universal condition of happiness. 有道是小隐隐于野，大隐隐于市。真正的幸福并不隐逸，可以在街市而不是丛林中去寻找。 As the saying goes, “the inferior recluse hides away in the wild; the superior, crowd”. Real happiness, which does not live in seclusion, can be found in the downtown rather than in the forest.

Time itself becomes fluid – hours becomes minutes, or seconds stretch into days. Weekends, once a highlight of my week, are now just two ordinary days. (para1)

highlight: n. [C] the most important, interesting, or enjoyable part of something such as a holiday, performance, or sports competition精彩场面，最显著(重要)部分 e.g. That weekend in Venice was definitely the highlight of our trip. vt. 强调、突出

e.g. His speech highlighted the need for educational reform. 他的演讲强调了教育改革的必要性。

President Obama used a visit to the U.S. West coast this week to highlight the importance of improving education standards to ensure future U.S. competitiveness. He met with leaders of American technology companies, and visited high-tech facilities at Intel Corporation in Oregon.

\the quality of a nation's education is one of the biggest predictors of a nation's success. It is what will determine whether the American Dream survives.\The president said education, and investment in research and development, are key to a future in which technological innovations begin in the United States rather than overseas. （VOA News）

Translation ?

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Unit 4, Book II

时间本身变得捉摸不定 – 几小时变成几分钟，或几秒钟延伸为几天。周末原本是我一周的黄金时段，现在却不过是平平常常的两天。

stretch: vt. & vi. (cause to) become longer, wider, etc. without breaking拉长，伸展

e.g. Joan and Jack enjoy meeting their guests and many breakfasts stretch into the mid-morning as new friendships are made.

The custom of flying huge carp-shaped streamers at Boy’s Day in Japan stretched over many generations.

Row after row of orange trees stretched to the horizon.

You are stretching my patience to limit. 你已经使我忍无可忍了。

stretch (one's) legs: to go for a walk, especially after a lengthy period of sitting散步散步，尤指在长坐一段时间后

at a stretch (n.): without stopping不停的，连续的

e.g. Doctors who are forced to worked 36 hours at a stretch cannot possibly be fully efficient.

曲解法律 stretch the law 滥用权力 stretch one's power 夸大事实 stretch the facts stretch every nerve to do sth. 全神贯注地做某事 beyond the stretch of 超乎...范围以外 by a stretch of imagination 想入非非 to the utmost [furthest] stretch 极度, 到极点 stretch for the impossible 勉强去做那些做不到的事情 CF: stretch: if a material stretches, it can become bigger or longer when you pull it (尤指被拉伸) extend: to make sth. such as a line, road, or passage longer so that it reaches further（空间、时间等）延伸 expand: to make sth. bigger, esp. about increasing numbers or amounts, or about increasing the size of a company or organization（尺码、数量、体积、程度等）扩大 prolong: to make sth. such as a feeling, process or activity last longer（时间）延长，拖延（注：如果是extend，则指to add extra time to sth. that had a limit on the amount of time it could last。e.g. Management have agreed to extend the deadline. 此外，stretch也有时间方面的含义，指to continue over a period of time or in a series穿越一段给定的时间。e.g. Berg’s career as a government official stretched over twenty years.） #Para 2 submit:

① vt. to give a plan, piece of writing etc to someone in authority for them to consider or approve提交，呈递

e.g. 提交申请/ 要求/ 提议 ? submit an application / claim / proposal etc 向法院提出诉讼 ? submit a case to the court

1) Every company must by law submit accounts annually. 按法律规定，各家公司每年都必须报账。 2) He submitted his resignation together with an admission of his guilt. 他提交了辞呈，外带一份认罪书。

3) They submitted quotations and agreed prices. 他们提出了报价和谈妥的价格。

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Unit 4, Book II

② vt. & vi. formal to agree to obey a person, group, set of rules, especially when you have no choice屈服，听从

e.g. They refused to submit to an unjust judgment拒绝服从不公正的判决 submit oneself entirely to the Divine Will 一切听由天命 submit to arrest by the police 在警察面前束手就擒 submit to boredom 忍受无聊的生活 #Para 3

at times: sometimes有时，间或 e.g. Life is hard at times. 与time相关考题： _____ one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.（有那么一个时候，曼彻斯特曾经是世界上产量最大的棉纺厂之乡。） [CET-4: 1997,1] A) On B) By C) At D) Of “You are very selfish. It’s high time you ______ that you are not the most important person in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily.（“你太自私了。你现在必须认识到你并不是这世界上最重要的人，”埃德加气愤地对他的老板说道。） [CET-4: 1999,1] A) realized B) have realized C) realize D) should realize

=============================================================================== #Para 4

I start to feel as though I’ve become one with my machines, taking data in, spitting them back out, just another link in the Net. Others online report the same symptoms. (para4) Translation ?

我开始觉得自己似乎与机器融为一体了，我接受信息，再发送出去，就如同互联网的一个连接点。 take in:

① absorb吸收: take sth. in

e.g. The earth takes in heat and light from the sun.

② to understand and remember new facts and information领会，理解: take sth. in e.g. She listened attentively, taking in every word he said and asking questions.

③ to let someone stay in your house because they have nowhere else to stay收留，收容（某人）: take

sb. in

e.g. Brett's always taking in stray animals.

④ to be completely deceived by someone who lies to you欺骗: be taken in e.g. Don't be taken in by products claiming to help you lose weight in a week.

on line: adv. & adj. (also online) 与计算机连接的，联机的 CF: on the line (see p.113)

电话联线 e.g. Henry is on the line (=on the phone) from New York. 1) in line ①成一直线，成一排 ②（with）与。。。一致，与。。。符合 e.g. Pensions will be increased in line with inflation. 2) out of line ①不成一直线 ②不一致，出格

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Unit 4, Book II

e.g. In some instances, the amounts appear to be out of line with their proper share, the report says. / Anybody who steps out of line will be in deep trouble. 3) line up （使）排成行，（使）排队 e.g. She lined the dolls up from tallest to shortest.

symptom: n. a sign that someone has an illness or that a serious problem exists症状；征兆 e.g. ? 感冒的症状通常是发烧、头疼、喉咙痛、咳嗽和流鼻涕。

The symptoms of a cold usually are fever, headache, sore throat, cough, and running nose. ? 在他的演说中，他把这些犯罪行为称作社会道德沦陷的征兆。

In the speech he labeled these crimes as a symptom of society's moral decline.

? “… Companies, homeowners and money managers willing to quit rather than fight is both a symptom of the nation's deep economic woes and emblematic of the challenge the Obama administration faces,\economy.\

( “……目前许多公司、私房屋主以及短期资本经营者情愿退而不进 ，此种状况既表明了国家经济危机的严重性，也预示着奥巴马政府将要面临的挑战。” Gross 写道：“_________________。” )

Words relating to disease

chronic disease 慢性病 acute disease 急性病

symptomatic disease 有症状的疾病 asymptomatic disease 无症状的疾病

relapsing symptom复发的症状 remitting symptom缓解的症状 worsen symptom恶化的症状 emergency ward 急诊病房 clinic 门诊 outpatient 门诊病人 inpatient 住院病人 有关“病”的英文词汇 Disease是指影响身体机能的非正常情况，即我们通常说的疾病。Medical condition也常用来指疾病。在英文中，广义上Disease也包括外伤（injury）、残疾（disability）、紊乱（disorder）、综合症（syndrome）、感染（infection）以及非正常行为（deviant behavior）等。 非正常情况主要与symptoms和signs有关。Symptom是指病人自己主观感觉到的不正常情况。Sign是医生或者其他人观察到的某种事实或者特征。Medical sign是医生在体检（physical examination）过程中发现的某种医学事实或者特征。当然也可能医生与病人都注意到了某种状况，那么它可以既是symptom也是sign。 #Para 5

What first seemed like a luxury, crawling from bed to computer, not worrying about hair, and clothes and face, has become a form of escape, a lack of discipline. (para5) Structure ?

main clause ? What first seemed like a luxury has become a form of escape, a lack of discipline. the function of “crawling from bed to computer, not worrying about hair, and clothes and face” ? present participle to detail the “luxury

interaction: n. a process by which two or more things affect each other 相互作用；the activity of talking to other people, working together with them etc一起活动，合作

e.g. the traits we inherit from our parents and the situation and experiences that we encounter in life are constantly interacting. It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person's personality and dictates how that personality develops.

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