毕业设计137基于单片机+CPLD体系结构的信标机设计

基于单片机+CPLD体系结构的信标机设计

摘要

在机场的无线电通信导航设备中，信标机是一种重要的导航设备，因此对信 标机的研究和设计具有十分重要的战略意义。

我撰写的论文题目是基于“单片机+CPLD体系结构的信标机设计”，此论文 主要针对现在使用的信标机设计技术及元器件类型相对陈旧，实现功能过于手工 化、分离元件过多，体积大、重量大、维修困难等问题，为实现设备的小型化、 模块化和标准化，进一步提高设备的集成度和可靠性，提高智能化，为此，我根 据目前广泛应用于各类仪器、设备中的单片机、CPLD器件，对基于单片机+CPLD 体系结构的信标机设计方法进行了浅显的探讨。 设计的主要内容如下:

1.对单片机、CPLD和FPGA性能特点进行分析，提出了基于“单片机+CPLD体 系结构”的信标机设计方案;

2.在CPLD中实现音频信号分频的计算方法，给出了设计原理图;

3.单片机与CPLD接口以总线方式实现译码、数据和控制锁存功能的VHDL设计; 4.信标发射机的设计;

5.给出了整机监控流程图和单片机监控程序的编制。

本文详细介绍了信标机的实现方法，对实现信标机的小型化、微机化进行了 有益的尝试，具有一定意义。

关键词 单片机 信标机 CPLD

- I -

Based on “MCU+CPLD Architecture” to design beacon tranmitter

Abstract

Beacon transmitter is an important device to the wired comunication and navigation in airport,so it's of great strategic value to make applied researches.

This paper's name is baseed on \transmitter. this thess points out some disadvantages of device ,such as technology backward in technique and type of components obsolete，manual operations，many absolute components，very large size and weight,operating and maintaining diffculty. In order to small size and modules and standardization ,and improve the device's intergrated and very high enough realiability ,intelligence, I explored the method

of beacon transmitter's designing based on \Architecture\to MCU,CPLD components applied to the many instrument and device. The major work of this dissertation is as follows.

1. Analysising the feature of MCU,CPLD, FPGA, I provided the method of beacon transmitter basee on \

2. Audio signal frequency is implemented in CPLD,give the schematic of the designing.

3. Decording,latching data controlling signals are implemented in CPLD by interface between MCU and CPLD. 4. Beacon transmitter's designing.

S. Drawing the flow chart and making the MCU controlling and monitered programe.

This paper introduced the method of the beacon transmitter, and gived the advantage tastes bymaking beacon transmitter very small size and controlled by computer.

Key words MCU beacon transmitter CPLD

- II -

目录

第一章 绪论 ................................................................................................................................... 1

1.3研究背境 ........................................................................................................................... 2 第二章 解决方案、设计内容和技术难点 ................................................................................... 3

2. 1解决方案 ......................................................................................................................... 3

2.1.1 CPLD/FPGA器件及EDA设计技术 ........................................................................ 3 2.1.2“单片机+CPLD体系结构”的特点 ...................................................................... 5 2.2设计内容 ........................................................................................................................... 7

2.2.1信标机的系统结构框图 ........................................................................................ 7 2.3技术难点 ........................................................................................................................... 8

2. 3. 1 CPLD与单片机的接口方式 .............................................................................. 8 2. 3. 2 CPLD片内功能的实现 ...................................................................................... 8 2.3.3可编程逻辑器件的选型 ........................................................................................ 8

第三章 CPLD片内逻辑功能设计 ................................................................................................ 9

3. 1 CPLD选型 ....................................................................................................................... 9

3. 1. 1 CPL。与FPGA的逻辑结构、互连结构和编程工艺的比较 ........................... 9 3. 1. 2 CPLD与FPG^使用性能的比较 ........................................................................ 11 3.1 .3可编程器件及EDA工具选型 ............................................................................ 12 3. 2 CPLD与单片机的接口设计 ......................................................................................... 13 3.3基于CPLD的功能实现 ................................................................................................... 15

3.3.1音频信号产生电路模块 ...................................................................................... 15 3.3.2 I NTERFI模块 .................................................................................................... 17 3.3.3键控信号产生电路，主要产生键控调制的键控信号 ...................................... 18

第四章 整机硬件总体结构设计 ................................................................................................. 21

4.1单片机选型 ..................................................................................................................... 21 4.2主控制板设计 ................................................................................................................. 21

4.2.1 CPU模块 .............................................................................................................. 21 4.2.2显示和按键模块 .................................................................................................. 21 4.2.3 CPLD外围模块 .................................................................................................... 23 4.2.5控制模块 .............................................................................................................. 23 4.3发射机设计 ..................................................................................................................... 23

4.3.1晶体振荡模块 ...................................................................................................... 24 4.3.3 75MHz低通滤波器模块 ...................................................................................... 25 4.3.4同轴继电器 .......................................................................................................... 26 4.4.1音频信号稳定放大模块 ...................................................................................... 26 4.5键控调制放大模块 ......................................................................................................... 27

4. 5. 1键控调制放大模块原理框图 ............................................................................ 27 4.6天线 ................................................................................................................................. 27 第五章 整机软件流程图设计 ..................................................................................................... 28

5 .1系统功能描述 ............................................................................................................... 28 5.2 整机软件设计主程序流程图及程序模块说明 ............................................................ 28

5.2.1准备程序 .............................................................................................................. 28

第六章 结束语 ............................................................................................................................. 31

- 1 -

参考文献： ............................................................................................................................ 32 致谢 ........................................................................................................................................ 33 附录1 射频放大模块电路图 ............................................................................................. 34 附录2 键控调制放大模块电路图 ....................................................................................... 35 附录3缩写注释 .................................................................................................................... 36

- 2 -