Unit 3 动名词

Unit 3 动名词

动名词就是在原形动词后加上ing，使其具有名词的特性，句子中可扮演主词，受词或补语的功能。

(不定式to+V可做名词当C\\O\\C, 可做adj 修饰名词；可做adv 修饰一般动词、adj\\adv) ◎动名词当主词：须具有名词特性的字 (或字群)才能当主词，所以动名词可当主词。 ※比较 主词 To do / Doing it right now 动词 Do is ※动名词或不定词放句首当主词时，整个主词视为一件事，其后须用单数动词。 it right now. (祈使句) important. (直述句) 例：1. Sleeping eight hours a day is good for health. (一天睡8小时有益健康。)

=To sleep eight hours a day is good for health. =It is good for health to sleep eight hours a day.

2. Swimming at the beach is a lot of fun. (在海边游泳很好玩。) =To swim at the beach is a lot of fun. = It's a lot of fun to swim at the beach.

注意：It's no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收。) ◎动名词当受词：放一般动词或介系词后. (1)当动词的受词

例：1. You have to give up smoking. (你必须戒烟。)

2. I like watching basketball games on TV. (我喜欢看电视上的篮球比赛。)

注意1：动词like, love, hate, start, begin, learn…等之后可接V-ing或to-V当受词，在意义上没有差异。

例：They began dancing / to dance faster and faster. (他们开始跳得越来越快。)

注意2：动词stop, remember, forget, try…等之后可接V-ing或to-V当受词，但意义通常不同。

例：1. The man stopped talking. (那人停止说话。)

The man stopped to talk to a newsboy. (那人停下来和报童说话。) * I'm tried. I have to stop working.

~to take a rest.

我累了，我必须停止工作。

~下来休息。

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2. She remembered meeting him somewhere. (她记得在某处曾见过他。)---已见过 She remembered to meet him at the station. (她记得要在车站和他碰面。)---尚未过见

※Remember to preview your lesson before class and review your lesson after class. (记得课前预习，课后复习。)

3. Lucy forgot sending me a card. (Lucy忘记曾寄给我一张卡片。)---寄过 Lucy forgot to send me a card. (Lucy忘了要寄卡片给我。)---未寄

※Don't forget to send me a card on Christmas. (别忘了在圣诞节寄张卡片给我。)

4. Try to solve the problem before ten o'clock. (设法在十点前解决这个问题。)---要人尽力去做某事

Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.

(如果前面没有人听到，试敲一下后门。)---即敲一敲门，试试是否有人应门

◎下列动词之后只能接V-ing。

mind、enjoy、finish、practice、miss、quit、understand、avoid 、give up、can't help、can't stand、

It's no use、It's no good

例：1. Would you mind waiting for me? (你介意等我一下吗？) ※ I made up my mind to wait for her. (我决定要等她。)

2. These students practice speaking English every day. (这些学生每天练习英语。) 3. I can't help laughing at him. (我忍不住嘲笑他。) (2)当介系词的受词—介系词之后必接V-ing。

例：l. He is interested in playing hide-and-seek. (他喜欢玩躲猫猫。)

2. We are thinking about buying a washing machine. (我们考虑要买台洗衣机。)

◎动名词当补语—动名词可位于be动词之后当补语。

例：l. My work is washing cars. (我的工作是洗车。)

2. One of my hobbies is collecting stamps. (我的嗜好之一是集邮。) 第19集

注意：在其它句型中的V-ing形式

1. go+ V-ing / go+ n. + V-ing（注意这个名词前面不加冠词、后面不加s或es） 例：go golfing打高尔夫球 go fishing去钓鱼 go hunting打猎

go bowling打保龄球 go skating溜冰 go swimming去游泳 go hiking去健行 go shopping逛街（do shopping购物） go sailing去航行 例：go mountain climbing去爬山 go bike riding骑车兜风(ride a bike)

go window shopping去逛街 (只逛不买) go bird watching去赏鸟(watch birds) 2. do + a lot of / a little + V-ing做……事

例：1. I am busy, but I still do a little painting. (我很忙，但我仍然偶尔会画画。)

2. Do you have to do a lot of traveling in your work? (你的工作必须经常旅行吗？) 3.be busy, have trouble, have fun …等+ V-ing →本型中的V-ing前面常省略掉介系词in 例：l. My mom was busy cooking dinner. (我妈那时忙着做晚餐。)

2. I had trouble finding out the answer to the question. (我无法找出这问题的答案。)(get into trouble, have trouble, trouble maker) 4. There is no + V-ing…(…是没有办法做到的。)

例：1. There is no telling what will happen next. (无法得知接下来会发生什么事。)

2. There is no knowing who did it. (无法知道那件事是谁做的。) 练习：

1. I remember seeing Mr. Smith in my office before. 2. I'll remember to see Mr. Smith tomorrow. 3. Would you mind going to London on business?

4. Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 5. I can't help feeling worried about his health. 6. I apologize for not keeping my promise.