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一．语音
音素、音标的概念
（1）音素是记录英语语音的最小单位，英语共48个音素，20个元音，28个辅音。 （2）音标是记录音素的符号，现在我们用国际上通用的48个音标来记录英语语音。为了把音标与字母进行区分，常把音标放在[ ]或者/ /里。 音标的分类
记录英语音素的48个音标可分为元音和辅音两大类。
元音：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流在通过口腔时，不受阻碍发出的语音叫做元音。国际音标中有20个元音，里面包括12个单元音和8个双元音。
1、单元音：[i:] [i] [e] [?] [a:] [?] ]?:] [?[ [?:] [?] [u:] [u] 2、双元音：[ai] [ei] [i?] [?u] [u?] [au] [ε?] [?i]
辅音：辅音音标：分为清辅音和浊辅音，清辅音发音时声带不振动，浊辅音发音时声带振动。
1、清辅音：[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [t∫] [tr] [ts] [h]
2、浊辅音：[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [δ] [з] [dz] [dз] [dr] [m]
[n] [?] [l] [r] [w] [j]
元音：
前元音：[i:] [i] [e] [?]
后元音：[ɑ:] ]?:] [?[ [u:] [u] 中元音：[?] [?:] [?]
双元音：[ai] [ei] [i?] [?u] [u?] [au] [ε?] [?i]
辅音：
爆破音：[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] 鼻音： [m] [n] [?]
摩擦音：[f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [e] [∫] [з] [r] [h] 破擦音：[t∫] [dз] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] 半元音：[w] [j] 舌边音：[l]
前元音： [i:]
eat [ i:t ] 吃 tea [ ti: ]茶 peach [ pi:t? ]桃 he [ hi:]他 she [ ?i: ]她 beef [ bi:f ] 牛肉 jeep [ d?i:p ]吉普车 key [ ki: ] 钥匙 meat [ mi:t ] 肉 [i]
fish [ fi? ] 鱼 kid [ kid ] 小孩 fifth [ fifθ ]第五 sister [ 'sist? ] 姐妹 this
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[ eis ] 这个 is [ iz]是 six [ siks ] 六 pig [ pig ]猪 [e]
desk [ desk ] 桌子 pencil [ 'pens?l ]铅笔 pen [ pen ] 钢笔 dress [ dres ] 连衣裙 red [ red ] 红色的 eleven [ i'lev?n ] 十一 bed [ bed ] 床 bread [ bred] 面包 egg [ eɡ]蛋 [?]
bag [ [b?g] ]包 fan [ f?n ] 风扇 math [ m?θ ]数学 jacket [ 'd??kit ] 夹克衫 rabbit [ 'r?bit ] 兔子 apple [ '?pl ]苹果 can [ k?n] 可以 cabbage ['k?bid?] 卷心菜 中元音： [?]
young [ j?? ]年轻人 funny [ 'f?ni ]滑稽可笑的 Monday['m?ndi ]星期一 Sunday['s?ndi ] lunch [ l?nt? ]午餐 under [ '?nd? ]在…下面 sometimes [ 's?mtaimz ]有时 [?:]
curtain [ 'k?:t?n ]窗帘 her [ h?:]她的 skirt [ sk?:t ]裙子 shirt [ ??:t ]衬衫 nurse [ n?:s ]护士 thirty [ 'θ?:ti ]三十 [?]
today [ t?'dei ]今天 mirror [ 'mir? ]镜子 river [ 'riv? ]河，江 summer [ 's?m? ]夏季 winter [ 'wint? ] 冬季 colour [ 'k?l? ]颜色
后元音： [ɑ:]
grass [grɑ:s]草 smart[smɑ:t]聪明 park [ pɑ:k ] 公园 grandpa [ 'ɡr?ndpɑ: ]爷爷 classroom [ 'klɑ:srum ]教室 farm [ fɑ:m ] 农田 farmer [ 'fɑ:m? ]农夫 bathroom [ 'bɑ:θrum ] 卫生间 are [ ɑ:]是 [?:]
floor [ fl?: ]地板 tall [ t?:l ]高的 short [ ??:t ] 不足 for [f?:]为了 salty [ 's?:lti ]咸的 fall [ f?:l ]秋天 walk [ w?:k ]走 board [ b?:d ]木板 wall [ w?:l ]墙 [?]
closet [ 'kl?zit ]壁橱 forest [ 'f?rist ]森林 because [ bi'k?z ]因为 mom [ m?m ]妈妈 what [ hw?t]什么 chopsticks [ 't??pstiks ]筷子 dog [ [d?ɡ]狗 doctor [ d?kt? ]医生 sock [ s?k ]袜子 [u:]
fruit [ fru:t ]水果 noon [ nu:n ]中午 school [ sku:l ]学校 blue [ blu: ]蓝色的 cool [ ku:l ] 凉爽的 shoe [ ?u: ] 鞋子 room [ ru:m ]房间 soup [ su:p ] 汤
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[u]
book [ buk ] 书 look [ luk ]看 wood [ wud ]树林 classroom [ 'klɑ:srum ]教室 notebook [ 'n?utbuk ]笔记本 bathroom [ 'bɑ:θrum ] 卫生间 bedroom [ 'bedru(:)m ] 卧室
双元音(一) [ai]
kind [ kaind]和蔼的 like [ laik ]喜欢 why [ hwai ] 为什么 quiet [ 'kwai?t ] 安静的 Friday ['faidi ]星期五 behind [ bi'haind ]在…后面 July [dзu:lai]七月 fly [ flai ] 飞 fight [ fait ] 打架 [ei]
grape [greip ]葡萄 lake [ leik ]湖泊 eight [ eit ]八
today [ t?'dei ]今天 they [ eei]他们 may [ mei ] 可以 name [ neim ]名字 play [ plei ]玩 cake [ keik ]蛋糕 snake [ sneik ]蛇 [i?]
here [ hi? ] 这里 ear [ i? ]耳朵 dear [ di? ]亲爱的 near[ni?]近的 really [ 'ri?li]真地 [?u]
old [ ?uld]老的 potato [ p?'teit?u ]土豆 clothes [ kl?uez ]衣服 road [ r?ud ]马路 yellow [ 'jel?u ]黄色的 cold [ k?uld ]寒冷的
双元音(二) [u?]
sour [ 'sau? ] 酸的 sure [ ?u?]当然可以 flower['flau?] 花 [au]
flower [ 'flau? ]花 house [ haus]房子 about [ ?'baut ]关于
now [ nau ]现在 mouth [ mauθ ] 嘴巴 cloud [ klaud ]云 [ε?]
there [ eε?]那里 wear [ wε? ]穿着 pair [ pε? ]一双 yeah [ jε? ]是 chair [ t?ε? ]椅子 [?i]
boy [ b?i ] 男孩 toy [ t?i ]玩具
noise [ n?iz ]噪音 enjoy [ in'd??i ]享受
爆破音 [p]
pencil [ 'pens?l铅笔 pen [ pen ] 钢笔 picture [ 'pikt?? ]照片 pants [ p?nts ]裤子 play [ plei ]玩 pear [ pε? ]梨
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