其中一个重要原因是妇女多在服务性和秘书西欧那个岗位就业，这些工作的工资要比传统的男性工作少。一个二十多岁的女性在考虑选择经常需要加班或出差去外面的工作时，通常比男性更犹豫不决，再就爱上妇女和老板都还残存一些传统观念，总认为有些工作不适合妇女干。这种态度使得妇女总干些工资较低的工作，而且使她们难以进入高层的管理工作。
important is 3. Another ... . factor(s) contributory are reason(sOther contributing conclude(s) ) 例：
Another contributing factor is that they lack both the confidence and the sophistication that are needed to find work in a tight job market. Their sagging self-image is crested especially when they are rejected by the first company they apply for.
另一个起作用的因素是她们确实信心和经验，而这在劳动力市场不景气的情况下找工作尤为重要。特别当她们被第一家公司拒绝侯，便士气低落，较差的自我感觉就形成了。
Ⅲ. 后果影响
这些句型用于分析某一事物可能造成的后果或带来的影响。
depressing 1.There are a number of ... Perhaps the most consequences of disturbing effects on dreadful
destructive
grave serious disastrous consequence potential is ... . effect corrupting detrimental
例：
There are a number of disturbing consequences of sexual liberation. The number of teenage pregnancies is growing at a starling rate. About 3 per thousand of all teenage girls get pregnant each year, and the number keeps increasing.
性解放产生了一系列令人担忧的后果：青少年未婚先孕的人数正以令人震惊的速度增长这。每年千分之三的少女怀孕，且这个比例还在不断上升。
great 2. The effect makes evident considerable the change exerts on... to apparent . . influence deep impact has obvious desirable
例：
The impact that immersion in a strange culture makes on the unprepared visitor is apparent: a breakdown in communication, a misreading of reality and an inability to cope because of the bewilderment, frustration and disorientation that plague his in his dealing with other societies.
一下子进入一种陌生的文化，对一个毫无准备的人来说，其冲击是显然的：无法
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cause create bring host set number 与别人沟通，看不懂社会，无所适从。因为他与社会打交道时，产生了一种困惑感、坐着干和迷失感。
3. It may a of problems. 例：
Rapid growth is also giving rise to a host of problems that could strain our social fabric. The gap between rich and poor, and the cities and the countryside is growing so fast that it not only prompts a great migration of millions of peasants, which is putting pressure on social stability, but also causes a sharp rise in crime rates.
经济的迅速发展也造成了一系列使得社会关系日趋紧张的问题。贫富以及城市之间的差距拉开得太快。这不仅造成了几千万农民的外流，给社会的安定带来了压力，且造成了犯罪率的直线上升。
第四章 比较对照句型
Ⅰ。 两者比较
在进行两个事物比较时，要说一个事物超过另一事物，或肯定某事物的优点时也承认其缺点，可采用这些句型。 far outweigh 1. The advantages derived from A The
are much greater than gained in carry more weight than of
advantages/benefits we gain from/in B disadvantages/problems A entails 例：
The price which society pays for the law of competition, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is great; but the advantages of this law are also greater than its cost － for it is to this law that we our wonderful economic development.
社会对竞争法则付出的代价，就如要购买脸颊的舒适品和奢侈品所付出的代价意义，是巨大的。但这个法则给我们带来的一处也远比其付出的代价大。因为正式这个法则才使我们取得了巨大的经济成就。 drawbacks as well 2. Obviously, it has its disadvantages as There is no doubt that both negative effects and merits advantages 例： positive effects There can be no doubt that the policy has its disadvantages as well as its advantages. It emphasizes order and stability, which is essential to a nation, but sometimes at the expense of what may be brought to be justice and democratic
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毫无疑问，这项政策有优点，也有缺点。它强调只需与稳定，而这对一个国家来说
非常必要。但有时它是牺牲正义、民主的东西为代价。
.3. There are advantages and disadvantages to... . One advantage is ... . Another advantage is ... . There is , however, a disadvantage/drawback 例：
The advantage of the educational system in North America, on the other hand, is that students learn to think for themselves. They learn to take the initiative － to make a decision and take action without someone telling them what to do. The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas. There is, however, a drawback, a disadvantage. When students graduate from high school, they haven’t studied as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have. 另一方面，北美的教育制度的优点是学生学会独立思考。他们学习主动独立作出决定，采取行动。这种制度对进入强调创造性思想的社会的学生是有好处的。但这种制度也有缺点。当学生中学毕业时。他们学的基本只是要比其他国家的学生少。 Ⅱ。 两者相同
两者相同的句型用于表达两个比较的事物都有共同的特点，或都没有某种特点。 1.
As A... , so B... . Just as
例：
Just as sitting in the driver’s seat of a car becomes driving only when we take the
steering wheel in hand and control the car’s movement, so our mind’s movements become thinking only when we direct them..
正如我们坐在驾驶员位置上，只有当我们握住方向盘，控制汽车的运动，才成
为驾驶。同样，只有当我们驾驶大脑的思维活动，我们的头脑才开始思维。 2. Like...
Similarly, Likewise,
In the same way, 例：
New technology makes engineers obsolete. Likewise, new methods of management can make executives obsolete. The men who rise the highest and stay there are those who never stop growing and learning. These flexible fellows seldom stall on the corporate ladder or get shaken off.
心技术套提案工程人员。同样新管理方法淘汰管理人员。向最高职位跃升并医治能呆在那里的人从不停止自身发展知识的提高。这些适应性强的人字公司的职位接替上很少逗留在某一级上，或是被摔下来。 Ⅲ 。 两者不同
两者不同的句型用于在对照两个事物时，分析他们各自不同甚至截然相反的特点。
while 1. A... , B... .
whereas
on the other hand
on the country in/by contrast 15
例：
Married people are less likely than single people to smoke and drink heavily. They are also more likely to install safety devices in their homes. All of this reduces the chances of disease or injury. Single people, by contrast, tend to lead less organized lives. They take less care of what they eat and when they eat it.
结婚的人要比单身的人许久吸烟的可能性校，而且在家里安装各种安全装置的可能性也大。这就减少了前者的病得病和发生意外的机会。相反，单身的人往往过着没有规律的生活。 他们不大注意吃什么，或什么时候吃。
A and B differ/are different in several ways. 2.
There are some basic/marked differences between A and B.
Unlike B, A... . 例：
Television is different from all other media. From cradle to grave, it penetrates nearly
every home in the land. Unlike newspapers and magazines, television dose not require literacy. Unlike the movies, it runs continuously, and once purchased, costs almost nothing. Unlike radio, it can show as well as tell. Unlike the theatre or movies, it dose not require leaving your home. With virtually unlimited access, television both precedes literacy and, increasingly, preempts it.
电视和其他媒体不同。从生到死，它渗透到几乎每一户人家。与报纸杂志不同，
电视不要求观众有一定文化知识；与电影不同，电视机买来以后，几乎无需要花什么钱就可医治欣赏；与收音机不同，电视不仅能听，还能看；与戏剧和影剧院不同，它不需要人出们。电视欣赏的局限性甚少，电视不仅先于文化知识而被人们接受，而且越来越把文化知识挤于一旁。
第五章 批评驳斥句型
Ⅰ。 直接驳斥
本节句型首先引出文章要驳斥的观点，或作者不赞成的意见，然后对这些观点进行直接驳斥。
widely held 1. Although it is that... , it is unlikely to be true that...
commonly felt
generally agreed
accepte
例：
Although it is commonly held that success will bring people money and status, it is unlikely to be true that it will be a desirable goal for anyone. Considering the great stress they have to live with, and their shorter life spans, greater loneliness, and relative incapacity for community or love it entails, it is conceivable that not everyone finds an enterprise requiring such sacrifice is worth what it costs.
虽然大多数人认为成功能给人带来金钱和地位，但是每个人都渴望成功却不一定是事实。想一想为了成功所要承受的紧张压力，寿命的可能缩短，巨大的孤独，不能有常人的感情交流和爱情。可以想象，不是所有的人都认为为追求一个目标付出这么多的牺牲是值得的。
common belief widespread misconception 16
popular
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