Grammar and usage

Unit 2 The Environment Grammar and usage

Teaching aims:

1. Learn the functions of V-ing form in sentences. 2. Enable the students to master the usage of V-ing form. Difficult & Important points: 1. Why should we use v-ing from? 2. How do we use v-ing form? Teaching methods: Deductive teaching. Discussion. Teaching aids: A projector. A computer. Procedure: Step 1 Lead in

We have learned the text and the language points in it. Now please find as many sentences with V-ing form in them as you can in the text. Then let’s tell the functions of these V-ing form in the sentences. Step 2 The usage of V-ing form

Today we will learn the functions of the V-ing form in sentences and how to use V-ing form as an adjective or adverb.

Now please look at your books (page 28) Verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb

The v-ing form can also be used like an adjective or adverb. ? We can use a verb-ing as the: ? Attribute

? A verb-ing form can appear before a noun. It modifies the noun as an adjective does. ? This will have a lasting effect.

? We can sometimes put an adverb before the verb-ing form. ? That was an extremely interesting speech.

? We can also use a verb-ing form to form a compound with an adverb or a noun. ? The fast-growing economy has caused environment problems. ? A wood-burning stove is environmentally unfriendly.

? A verb-ing form can appear after a noun to modify it as an attributive clause does. It can be changed into an attributive clause. ? People running these factories are very concerned about the environment.=

People who run these factories are very concerned about the environment.

Practice 1 Translate the following phrases into Chinese ? reading room ? swimming pool ? dining car ? sleeping car ? singing competition ? waiting room ? a waiting car ? a sleeping child ? flying fish ? the exciting news ? a boring speech

? 阅览室 ? 游泳池 ? 餐车 ? 卧车 ? 歌咏比赛 ? 候车室 ? 一辆等待着的车 ? 一个酣睡的孩子 ? 飞鱼

? 令人振奋的消息 ? 令人乏味的演出

Practice2 Fill in the blanks with the verb given in its proper form

? 1. Sixty million people_____________ (live) in rural areas are moving to the

cities every year.

? 2. The bottle ___________( contain) the poison was sent to the laboratory. ? 3.The man ________(sit) on the platform is a professor from Wuhan

University.

? 4. Who is the girl _________(walk) along the river?

? 5. The children ____________(practice) playing the violin over there will give

a performance next week.

? 6. The man with sun-glasses __________(stand) near a car is a detective. ? 7. The old lady _____________(talk) to the children is a famous musician. ? 8. The person _______________ (translate) the songs can speak seven

languages.

We can use a v-ing as the predicative Practice 3 Fill in the blanks with the following in their proper form. ? shock astonish excite disappoint encourage invite ? 1. Our trip was ______________ .We did not find any unusual plants. ? 2. The food at the dinner party did not seem very ____________.

? 3. The program for the weekend looks __________ . I am looking forward to ? it.

? 4. The news was __________ . All the three boats had sunk in the storm. ? 5. The report from Cook was _______ . The captain decided to attack the ? following night.

? 6. It was ________ to see the animals and plants that are found nowhere else

in the world.

We can use a verb-ing as the object complement We all found his argument convincing and interesting. Practice 4 Fill in the blanks with the following in their proper form. ? perform drop march help enter ? force whisper quarrel dive share

? 1. I saw them _____________ the door open with a hammer.

? 2. We heard them ____________ about money after the concert; they looked

very angry.

? 3. I heard him ____________ lots of coins into the collecting tin.

? 4. You can see them _____________ every night this week at the New

Theatre.

? 5. I could hear them ______________ to each other during the first part of the

play.

? 6. We watched the army _______ down the street towards the park. ? 7. I saw the people ________________ the theatre, and there were 286 of

them.

? 8. We watched three old men ________ their food with each other. ? 9. We watched the children ______________ into the water from the top

diving board.

? 10. I noticed you __________ the performers with the ticket sales. That was

kind of you.

2. A verb-ing can be used after verbs like stand, sit and lie. These two actions are happening at the same time. They stood talking to each other. = They stood when they were talking to each other. Practice 5 Rewrite the following sentences ? 1. When he heard the music, he began to get homesick. ? Hearing the music, he began to get homesick.

? 2. When they saw the flame on top of the mountain, they knew that another

war would begin soon.

? Seeing the flame on top of the mountain, they knew that another war would

begin soon.

? 3. When he was driving to the airport, he hit a boy on a bike. ? Driving to the airport, he hit a boy on a bike.

? 4. He wrote a letter and said he was satisfied with the work. ? He wrote a letter, saying he was satisfied with the work. ? 5. He sat in his seat while he was thinking of the problem. ? He sat in his seat thinking of the problem ? 6. While he was reading, he nodded from time to time. ? Reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 3. A verb-ing has perfect form, e,g., having worked Having worked side by side with many environmentalists, I know that a healthy