情态动词特殊用法大集合
情态动词除了基本的用法以外还有许多特殊之处，列举如下： 1． can和could
⑴Can 和 could 可以表示某人或某物一时的特点，表示“客观有可能”可以翻译为“有可能，有时会”。
It can be very warm in this area 。这个地区有时可能非常暖和. He can be very friendly at times 。他有时会非常友好。
⑵can表示能力时，可以与be able to 换用。但是在将来时和完成时中必须用be able to ；表示经过努力而成功地办到了某个具体的事情时，只能用be able to ，不可以用can。 这种用法的be able to 相当于succeed in 或manage to。
I am sure we shall be able to get you a job soon 。（不能用can） He has been able to finish the work on time 。（不可用can）
After years of hard work he was able to win the prize 。（不可以用could） He could't climb the mountain 。（没有能力爬，因而也没有爬） He was not able to climb the mountain 。（尝试爬过，但是没能爬上去） 另外：
①对Were you able to find the pen？做否定回答应该用：No, I couldn't（find it ）.不能说：No, I wasn't able to find it.
②could 可以用来表示过去习惯性动作的完成，而was able to 却没有这种用法。
I could run after a bus and catch it twenty years ago ，I can't do that now 。 二十年前，我能在后面跑着追上公共汽车，现在不行了。
③cannot ／can't 与too／over（‐)／enough ／perfectly ／sufficiently 等词连用，意思是 “越?越?”“无论怎样? ?也不为过”、“决不会? ?够(过)”。 You can't praise him too much 。你无论怎样称赞他都不过分。 You cannot be over careful 。你越细心越好。 I can't thank you enough 。我对你感激不尽。
This point cannot be overemphasized 。这一点无论如何强调都不过分 。
④ “cannot wait 不定式 ”意思是“be eager to ? ? 急于做”，表示强调的肯定意思 。 I cannot wait to read the book 。我非常渴望读这本书 。 He couldn’t wait to see her 。他渴望见到她 。
练习题：
?Please remind your grandpa to take medicine on time，for a man of his age_______ be very forgetful 。
A．should B. must C. shall D. can
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?You cannot be_______ careful when you drive a car .
A.very B.so C.too D.enough ?The car broke down on the way ,but we_____get out of the desert at last.
A.might B.would C.were able to D.could
2． must有一种含义：“偏要”“硬要”。表示说话人对句子主语所发出的动作或行为是不希望的、不满的甚至是生气的。
通常指令人不愉快的事情。must用于第二人称时，常常含有讽刺挖苦的意思： Why must you be so stubborn （固执）？
He must come and worry her with questions ，just when she was busy cooking the dinner 。 If you must smoke, at least you could use an ashtray（烟灰缸）. As I was sitting down to lunch ，the electric bell must ring 。 Why must you be so late ？你为何非要这么晚来呢 ？ 练习题：
?Why _______you always interrupt me ？
A. can B. will C. may D. must
?Naturally ，after I told her what to do ，my daughter _______go and do the opposite ！ A .may B.can C. must D. should
注意：(1)must 可以表示客观必然性，意思为“必然（会），总是会”，而have to 则不可以这样用。
All men must die 。人固有一死。
Competition must happen 。竞争总会发生。 Truth must be out 。真相总会大白 。
There must be a day for revenge 。总有报仇的那一天 。
(2)对must 所在句子变反意疑问句时，应注意以下习惯搭配：
①must 作“必须”解时，反意疑问句中重复must 。
All the children must respect their parents ，mustn’t they ？ 孩子必须尊敬父母，对吗？
② “must be ”表示推测时，反意疑问句用be 的适当形式 。 You must be thirsty ，aren’t you ？你一定渴了，是吗 ？
③“must have done ”表示推测时 ，附加疑问句一般用have 或 has ，但是有明确表示过去 的时间状语时，反意疑问句用过去时态。
He must have finished the work ，hasn’t he ？ He must have gone abroad last week ，didn’t he ？
You must have been told about it that day ，weren’t you ？
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3.used to 的意思是“过去常常”，已经含有 always, often, sometimes, from time to time等意思，但是它却可以和它们连用。
He always used to come by bus. 他过去总是坐公共汽车来。 He often used to work late at night.他过去经常工作到深夜。
She always used to get up at four o'clock in the morning.她过去总是早晨4点起床。 但是used to 不可以与表示具体次数或一段时间(即特定的时间段)的词语连用。 He went to abroad three times. He lived in the countryside for three years. 但是可以和过去确定的时间壮语连用。 He used to live here in 1995。
He used to be devoted to her when she was a little girl. 另：would 和used to 的区别如下：
两者都可以表示过去的习惯性动作。但是would 只强调过去特定情况下的习惯性动作(由动态动词表示)，单纯的过去和现在无关；而used to 即可以强调过去的习惯性动作(由动态动词表示)，也可以强调过去的事实或状态(由静态东此表示)，且与现在形成对比，即可表示持续的状态，也可表示过去重复的行为。 I used to have an old car 。过去我有一辆旧轿车。
I didn't use to like opera ，but now I'm getting interested 。 我过去不喜欢歌剧，但现在逐渐有了兴趣。
上面两句话的动词均是静态动词，说明过去的事实或状态，不能用would 代替used to 。
但是would可以和sometimes/now and then/from time to time 等词组（表示过去有时或偶尔的时间状语）连用。
She would sit there for hours sometimes, doing nothing at all . 他有时一连坐好几个小时，什么事情也不干。
练习题：
When he was there ,he_______go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day . A.would B.should C.had better D.might
4.shall可以用在第二、三人称，要重读，不可以缩写，表示说话人的意图、意志、允诺、命令、命运或必然结果等；在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。
You shall have a lot of money .(意图/允诺)你会有很多钱的。
Each citizen shall carry his identification card when traveling.(规定) 旅游时每个市民务必带上身份证。
You shall arrive there before sunset .(命令)你们要在日落前到达那儿。 If you don't behave yourself, you shall be punished .(威胁)
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如果你行为不轨的话，你会受到惩罚的。
He shall get what he deserves .(警告)他会得到他应该得到的。
Death is certain to all; all shall die .(命运)死必临万物；万物皆必死。 Better days shall soon follow .(预言)好日子不久会来到。
The time shall come when they shall be avenged .(意志)为他们伸冤的时候会来的。 Who touches pitch shall be defiled .(必然结果)玩火者必自焚。 POWs shall not be ill-treated .(法律用语)战俘不得受虐待。 练习题：
?It has been announced that candidates _______remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A.can B.will C.may D.shall
?Haven`t I told you already that you _______have my answer tomorrow morning ? A. will B.shall C.should D.would ?Nobody _______throw away rubbish everywhere !
A.can B.need C.shall D.must 5.will
⑴表示意愿或固执坚持。用于非人主语时，表示固有性质，倾向。 She won't lend me the money .她不愿把钱借给我。
He is the man who will go his own way.他是一个自行其事的人。 The window won't open .窗子打不开。 The door won't shut .门关不上了。
⑵在含有if从句的主从复合句中，如果if引导的条件状语从句表示的是一般将来时或过去将来时， 不能用will或would ,而要用一般现在时或一般过去时来代替。
If you don't come here , I will go to find you . (1)下面句子中的will表示“难免”。
Accidents will happen.事故难免会发生。 Boys will be boys .男孩子总是男孩子。
(2)will可以用来表示某些根据自然规律必定会发生的事情，并且此时可以用一般现在时来代替它。 Oil will float on water .油能在水上漂流。
Stainless steel will not rust .不锈钢是不会生锈的。
Matches will not strike if they are damp.火柴如果潮湿，就划不着。 6.need
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