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它配备有传感器等装备，由此可推断它可以自主在家中移动。故plot the path与画线词的意思相近。
8. The robotic vacuum cleaners beat the standard ones in the following aspects EXCEPT that ________.
A．they are cheaper and smaller in size B．they cost less for maintenance C．they make less noise when working D．they are more intelligent and efficient
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Its purchase price may be a little high ... be decreased”可知，这里Its指代的是机器人真空吸尘器，机器人真空吸尘器更贵一些，这是与其他吸尘器相比的一个缺点。
9. Which of the following best summarizes Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A．The original design of robotic vacuum cleaners. B．The technical theory of robotic vacuum cleaners.
C．The features of robotic vacuum cleaners. D．The functions of robotic vacuum cleaners.
解析：选C 段落大意题。根据文章第二段内容可知，机器人真空吸尘器可以自主操控，小而精，工作效率高；第三段描写机器人真空吸尘器噪声小且易清洁的特点。所以这两段主要写的是机器人真空吸尘器的特点。
D
(2019·南通模拟)When a driver slams on the brakes to avoid hitting a pedestrian crossing the road illegally, she is making a moral decision that shifts risk from the pedestrian to the people in the car. Self-driving cars might soon have to make such ethical (道德上的) judgments on their own — but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task, suggests a survey.
The largest ever survey of machine ethics, called the Moral Machine, laid out 13 possible situations in which someone's death was unavoidable. Respondents were asked to choose who to spare in situations that involved a mix of variables: young or old, rich or poor, more people or fewer. Within 18 months, the online quiz had recorded 40 million decisions made by people from 233 countries and territories.
When the researchers analysed these answers, they found that the nations could be divided into three groups. One contains North America and several European nations; another includes countries such as Japan and Indonesia. A third group consists of countries in Central and South
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America, such as Colombia and Brazil. The first group showed a stronger preference for sacrificing older lives to save younger ones than did the second group, for example.
The researchers also identified relationships between social and economic factors in a country. They found that people from relatively wealthy countries with strong institutions, such as Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally than did respondents in nations with weaker institutions, such as Nigeria.
People rarely face such moral dilemmas, and some critics question whether the possible situations posted in the online quiz are relevant to the ethical and practical questions surrounding driverless cars. But the researchers argue that the findings reveal cultural differences that governments and makers of self-driving cars must take into account if they want the vehicles to gain public acceptance.
At least Barbara Wege, who heads a group working on autonomous-vehicle ethics at Audi in Ingolstadt, Germany, says such studies are valuable. Wege argues that self-driving cars would cause fewer accidents, proportionally, than human drivers do each year — but that people might focus more on events involving robots.
Surveys such as the Moral Machine can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents that might develop trust. “We need to come up with a social consensus，” she says, “about which risks we are willing to take.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章对自动驾驶汽车在面临事故时的道德选择做了介绍。 10．Why is it difficult to set universal moral rules for programming self-driving cars?
A．Social values always change with the times. B．Moral choices vary between different cultures. C．Drivers have a preference for sacrificing the weak.
D．Car makers are faced with decisions of life or death.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When the researchers analysed these answers, they found that the nations could be divided into three groups.”以及第四段中的“They found that people from relatively wealthy countries ... respondents in nations with weaker institutions, such as Nigeria.”可知，不同国家的人受文化、社会、经济等因素的影响，在道德判断方面的标准不一，因此为自动驾驶汽车编程设定普遍的道德准则不容易。故选B。 11. According to the study, in which country are drivers more likely to hit a pedestrian crossing the road illegally?
A．Nigeria. C．Finland.
B．Colombia. D．Indonesia.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They found that people ... such as Finland and
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Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally than did respondents in nations with weaker institutions, such as Nigeria.”可知，Finland和Japan更经常选择撞击违背交通规则的人。故选C。
12. Barbara Wege would probably agree that ________.
A．self-driving cars will greatly improve the traffic environment B．accidents caused by self-driving cars might receive more attention C．problems involving self-driving cars might shake the public trust in society D．car makers needn't take the risk of solving self-driving car ethical dilemmas
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Wege argues that self-driving cars ... but that people might focus more on events involving robots.”可知，Barbara Wege认为人们会更关注与机器人有关的事故。故选B。
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