机械设计与制造毕业论文 

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毕业设计

机械加工表面质量的影响因素

学 生 姓 名： 指

导

教

师：

合作指导教师： 专所

业在

名院

称： 机械设计与制造 系： 机械工程系

2014年6月

卑微如蝼蚁、坚强似大象

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目 录

摘 要 ······························································································· 1 Abstract ·························································································· 2 第一章 基本概念 ··············································································· 3

1.1 机械加工 ·················································································· 3 1.2 切削加工 ·················································································· 3 1.3 磨削烧伤.. ················································································· 3 1.4 表面冷作硬化.. ········································································· 3 1.5 表面材料金相组织变化 ····························································· 4

第二章 影响工件表面质量的因素 ···················································· 5

2.1 加工过程对表面质量的影响 ······················································ 5 2.2 影响工件表面物理机械性能的因素 ········································ 6

第三章 提高机械加工工件表面质量的措施 ····································· 8

3.1 刀具方面 ·················································································· 8 3.2 工件材料方面 ··········································································· 8 3.3 切削条件方面 ··········································································· 8 3.4 加工方法方面 ··········································································· 8

第四章 机械加工表面质量对零件使用性能的影响 ························ 10

4.1 表面质量对零件耐磨性的影响 ················································ 10 4.2 表面质量对零件疲劳强度的影响 ············································· 10 4.3 表面质量对零件耐腐蚀性能的影响 ········································· 10 4.4表面质量对零件间配合性质的影响 ·········································· 11

卑微如蝼蚁、坚强似大象

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4.5 表面质量对零件其他性能的影响 ············································· 11

第五章 结论 ···················································································· 12 致 谢 ···························································································· 13 参考文献 ·························································································· 14

卑微如蝼蚁、坚强似大象

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摘要

部分的机械设备零件的破坏，总是从零件表面开始的。产品的性能，特别是它的

可靠性和耐久度，在很大程度上取决于零件表面层的质量。研究机械加工表面质量，其目的就是为了掌握机械加工中各个工艺对加工表面质量影响的规律，以便利用这些规律来控制加工过程，最终达到改善产品质量、增强产品使用性能的目的。随着工业技术的飞速发展,机器的使用要求越来越高,一些重要零件在高压力、高速、高温等高要求条件下工作,表面层的任何缺陷,不仅直接影响零件的工作性能,而且还可能引起应力集中、应力腐蚀等现象,将进一步加速零件的失效,这一切都与加工表面质量有很大关系。因而表面质量问题越来越受到各方面的重视。一台机器在正常的使用过程中,由于其零件的工作性能逐渐变坏,以致不能继续使用,有时甚至会突然损坏。其原因除少数是因为设计不周而强度不够,或偶然事故引起了超负荷以外,大多数是由于磨损、受到外界介质的腐蚀或疲劳破坏。磨损、腐蚀和疲劳损坏都是发生在零件的表面,或是从零件表面开始的。因此,加工表面质量将直接影响到零件的工作性能,尤其是它的可靠性和寿命。本文对机械加工表面质量进行了分析，指出了影响机械加工表面质量的因素，并提出了提高机械加工表面质量的措施，对工程实践有一定的指导作用。而且,正确地理解零件表面质量内涵,分析机械加工过程中影响加工表面质量的各种工艺因素,通过改变这些因素从而改善工件表面质量，提高产品的使用性能及对未来机械行业的发展具有重要的意义。

关键词 表面质量，粗糙度，机械性能，切削参数

卑微如蝼蚁、坚强似大象

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Abstract

Part of the machinery and equipment parts damage, always start from the parts of the surface. Product performance, especially the reliability and durability of its quality, to a large extent depends on the part surface layer. Study on the surface quality of machining, the purpose is to grasp the various machining process on the machining surface quality of the law, in order to use these rules to control the process, ultimately improve the product quality, increase product performance. With the rapid development of industrial technology, requires that the machine is used more and more high, some important parts in high

pressure, high speed, high temperature, high requirements, any defects on the surface layer, not only directly affect the performance of parts, but also may cause stress concentration, stress corrosion, will further accelerate the parts failure, all this has much to do with the quality of the machined surface. Thus the surface quality problems become more and more important. A machine in normal usage process, the working performance of the part gradually deteriorated, so that cannot continue to use, and sometimes even the sudden damage. The reason is because the design is not in a few weeks and the strength is not enough, or accident caused by overload, mostly due to wear, corrosion or damage the

external medium fatigue. Wear, corrosion and fatigue damage occurs in parts of the surface, or from parts of the surface. Therefore, the machined surface quality will directly affect the performance of parts, especially its reliability and lifetime. Based on the analysis of the machining surface quality, pointed out the factors influencing the surface quality of machining, and proposes to improve the machined surface quality measures, there are

some guidance for engineering practice. Moreover, the correct understanding of the content of the surface quality of parts, various technological factors affecting surface quality

analysis of machining process, by changing these factors so as to improve the quality of the workpiece surface, improve the performance of products and plays an important role in the future development of machinery industry.

Keyword surface quality, surface roughness, mechanical properties, cutting parameters

卑微如蝼蚁、坚强似大象