本科毕业设计说明书
3000m液化气球罐的优化设计
THE OPTIMAL DESIGN OF 3000m3 LPG SPHERICAL
TANK
3
学院（部）： 专业班级： 学生姓名： 指导教师：
年 月 日
安徽理工大学毕业设计
3000m液化气球罐的优化设计
3
摘要
球形储罐作为一种有压储存容器，相对于一般圆筒形储存容器，具有用材少、受力情况好、占地面积小等显著优点，在石油、化工、冶金等领域广泛用于储存气体、液体或者液化气体。
本文设计了在常温下工作的3000m3的液化气球罐及其相应附件。查阅相关资料后，确定采用16MnR钢作为球壳用钢，对其储罐形式进行了优化设计，计算比较后确定采用混合式三带球罐，支柱形式为赤道正切式，支柱根数为10根，拉杆采用可调式拉杆，根据相关设计标注进行结构设计和强度校核，最后完成相关附件的设计。最终的成果为一张装配图和三张主要零件的零件图。
关键字：球形储罐，材料选择，结构优化，强度校核
I
安徽理工大学毕业设计
THE OPTIMAL DESIGN OF 3000m3 LPG SPHERICAL
TANK
ABSTRACT
Compared to the general cylindrical storage container, the spherical tank is a kind of pressure storage containers with less material, good force, cover a small area, etc, which is widely used in storage of gases, liquids, or liquefied gas in petroleum, chemical industry, metallurgy and other fields.
This paper designs the 3000㎡ LPG spherical tank working at room temperature and its corresponding accessories. Referring to relevant data, I determine using 16 MnR steel as the steel spherical shell. The optimization design is carried out on the form of storage tank. After computation and comparison, I determine using hybrid three zones spherical tank with the pillar form of the equator tangent type, prop root number of 10, and adjustable draw-pole. The structure is designed and the strength is checked according to related design marks, and finally the design of the related accessories is completed. The final result of this study is a assembly drawing and three parts drawing of major parts.
KEYWORDS: the spherical tank, material selection, structure optimization,strength chec
II
安徽理工大学毕业设计
目录
摘要............................................... 错误！未定义书签。 ABSTRACT........................................... 错误！未定义书签。 1球罐概述 .......................................................... 1
1.1绪论......................................................... 1 1.2球罐的分类和特点............................................. 1
1.2.1球罐的分类 ............................................. 1 1.2.2球罐的特点 ............................................. 2 1.3球罐的设计参数............................................... 2
1.3.1压力 ................................................... 2 1.3.2温度 ................................................... 3 1.4球罐的应用................................................... 3 2球罐的结构设计 .................................................... 4
2.1球罐壳体的优化设计........................................... 4
2.1.1壳体结构的确定 ......................................... 4 2.1.2壳体尺寸的计算 ......................................... 6 2.2焊接坡口的设计.............................................. 14 2.3支座设计.................................................... 15 2.4开孔设计.................................................... 18
2.4.1人孔结构 .............................................. 18 2.4.2接管结构 .............................................. 18 2.5球罐的附件.................................................. 19
2.5.1梯子平台 .............................................. 19 2.5.2喷淋装置 .............................................. 19 2.5.3隔热保冷装置 .......................................... 20 2.5.4液位计 ................................................ 21 2.5.5压力表 ................................................ 21 2.5.6温度计 ................................................ 21 2.5.7安全泄放装置 .......................................... 21
3罐的强度计算 ..................................................... 24
3.1设计参数.................................................... 24 3.2球壳计算.................................................... 24
3.2.1液柱高度与计算压力 .................................... 24 3.2.2球壳厚度球罐质量的计算 ................................ 25 3.2.3球壳强度校核 .......................................... 26 3.3球罐质量计算................................................ 27 3.4地震载荷的计算.............................................. 28
3.4.1球罐的基本自振周期 .................................... 28 3.4.2水平地震力 ............................................ 28 3.5风载荷的计算................................................ 29 3.6弯矩的计算.................................................. 29 3.7支柱的计算.................................................. 30
III
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