自动抹灰机设计

摘 要

本论文设计的是一种自动抹灰机，文中简要概述了抹灰机目前的发展状况和趋势。对产品进行了方案的确定，按照机械设计的一般步骤，计算并设计了抹灰机上的主要零部件。设计中对工作零件和支架均进行了必要的校核计算。抹灰机的固定导轨纵向固定在装有轮子的基座上，抹灰装置在升降架上，其特点在于：增设活动导轨，活动导轨驱动装置包括固定在平台上的蜗轮减速电机、通过键安装在蜗轮轴端部的齿轮、与齿轮啮合且固定在固定导轨内侧的齿条。升降架与蜗轮蜗杆电机的平台固定连接，并经减震装置与抹灰装置连接。

本论文所设计的减速器动力通过齿轮齿条传动，带动活动导轨和抹灰装置上下运动，克服了传统的带轮传动、液压传动等的脉动现象的出现，实现自动抹灰。

关键词：抹灰装置，减速器，升降架，齿轮齿条。

Abstract

This paper designs a kind of automatic pasting machine, this paper briefly summarizes the pasting machine present development status and trends. To the scheme of the products in accordance with the general steps of mechanical design, calculation and design of main components of the plaster machine. To work in the design of parts and support all the necessary checking calculation. Pasting machine fixed guide rail vertical fixed on the base of the wheels, rendering device in lifting frame, its characteristic is: add activity guide rail, guide rail drive including fixed on the platform of worm gear deceleration motor, through the key installation at the end of worm wheel gear and gear meshing and fixed rack and the inside of the fixed guide rail. Lifting platform with worm gear and worm motor fixed connection, and the damping device connected to the rendering device.

In this paper the design of the reducer power through the gear rack driving, drive the activity guide rail and rendering device moves up and down, to overcome the traditional pulley drive, hydraulic drive pulsation phenomenon appeared, such as automatic rendering.

Key words：Plastering installment, Speed reducer, Erector, Worm gear.

目 录

摘 要 .............................................................................................................................................. 1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. 2 目 录 .............................................................................................................................................. 3 第一章 绪 论 ................................................................................................................................... 5

1.1 前言 ............................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 抹灰机的研究现状与发展趋势 ....................................................................................... 5 1.3 抹灰机的背景................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 抹灰机的工作特点 ........................................................................................................... 6 1.5抹灰机的适用范围 ............................................................................................................ 7 第二章 总体方案和结构设计 ......................................................................................................... 8

2.1 总体结构方案................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 输料装置 .......................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 抹灰装置 ........................................................................................................................ 10 第三章 减速器各部件的设计 ..................................................................................................... 13

3.1传动比的分配及转速校核 .............................................................................................. 13 3.2减速器各轴转速，功率，转矩的计算 .......................................................................... 13

3.2.1各轴转速 ............................................................................................................. 13 3.2.2各轴的输入功率 ................................................................................................. 14 3.3.3各轴输入转矩 ..................................................................................................... 14 3.3蜗轮蜗杆设计.................................................................................................................. 14

3.3.1选择材料 ............................................................................................................. 14 3.3.2按齿面接触疲劳强度计算进行设计 .................................................................. 14 3.3.3蜗杆与蜗轮的主要参数与几何尺寸确定 .......................................................... 16 3.3.4校核齿根弯曲疲劳强度...................................................................................... 17 3.3.5求蜗杆圆周速度并校核效率 .............................................................................. 17 3.3.6计算蜗杆传动主要尺寸...................................................................................... 17 3.3.7蜗轮蜗杆的结构设计.......................................................................................... 18 3.3.8热平衡校核 ......................................................................................................... 18 3.4齿轮齿条设计.................................................................................................................. 19

3.4.1选择材料 ............................................................................................................. 19 3.4.2按齿面接触强度计算设计 .................................................................................. 19 3.5蜗杆轴的设计.................................................................................................................. 22

3.5.1扭矩初算轴径 ..................................................................................................... 22 3.5.2轴的结构设计 ..................................................................................................... 23 3.6输出轴的设计计算 .......................................................................................................... 24

3.6.1输出轴上的功率，转速和转矩： ...................................................................... 24 3.6.2求作用在蜗杆上的力.......................................................................................... 24 3.6.3初步确定轴径的最小直径 .................................................................................. 24 3.6.4轴的结构设计 ..................................................................................................... 25 3.6.5精度校核轴的疲劳强度...................................................................................... 27 3.7标准件的选择.................................................................................................................. 30