no stopping.
W: What exactly is strategic innovation then?
M: Strategic innovation is the process of managing innovation, of making sure it takes place at all levels of the company, and that it's related to the company's overall strategy. W: I see.
M: So, instead of innovation for innovation's sake and new products being created simply because the technology is there, the company culture must switch from these point-in-time innovations to a continuous pipeline of innovations from everywhere and everyone.
W: How did you align strategies throughout the company?
M: I soon became aware that campaigning is useless. People take no notice. Simply it came about through good practice trickling down. This built consent—people could see it was the best way to work.
W: Does innovation on this scale really give a competitive advantage?
M: I am certain of it. Absolutely. Especially if it's difficult for a competitor to copy. The risk is, of course, that innovation may frequently lead to imitation. W: But not if ifs strategic? M: Precisely!
W: Thanks for talking to us. M: Sure.
1 What seems to have been very successful according to the woman speaker? 2 What did the company lack before the man's scheme was implemented?
3 What does the man say he should do in his business? 4 What does the man say is the risk of innovation?
Conversation Two
M: Today my guest is Dana Ivanovich who has worked for the last twenty years as an interpreter. Dana, welcome. W: Thank you.
M: Now I'd like to begin by saying that I have on occasions used an interpreter myself, as a foreign correspondent, so I am full of admiration for what you do. But I think your profession is sometimes underrated, and many people think anyone who speaks more than one language can do it...
W: There aren't any interpreters I know who don't have professional qualifications and training. You only really get proficient after many years in the job.
M: And am I right in saying you can divide what you do into two distinct methods, simultaneous and consecutive interpreting?
W: That's right. The techniques you use are different, and a lot of interpreters will say one is easier than the other, less stressful.
M: Simultaneous interpreting, putting someone's words into another language more or less as they speak, sounds to me like the more difficult.
W: Well, actually no, most people in the business would agree that consecutive interpreting is the more stressful. You have to wait for the speaker to deliver quite a chunk of language, before you then put it into the second language, which puts your short term
memory under intense stress. M: You make notes, I presume.
W: Absolutely, anything like numbers, names, places, have to be noted down, but the rest is never translated word for word. You have to find a way of summarising it so that the message is there. Turning every single word into the target language would put too much strain on the interpreters and slow down the whole process too much.
M: But with simultaneous interpreting, you start translating almost as soon as the other person starts speaking. You must have some preparation beforehand.
W: Well, hopefully the speakers will let you have an outline of the topic a day or two in advance. You have a little time to do research, prepare technical expressions and so on. 5 What are the speakers mainly talking about? 6 What does the man think of Dana's profession? 7 What does Dana say about the interpreters she knows? 8 What do most interpreters think of consecutive interpreting? Section B Passage One
Mothers have been warned for years that sleeping with their newborn infant is a bad idea because it increases the risk that the baby might die unexpectedly during the night. But now Israeli researchers are reporting that even sleeping in the same room can have negative consequences, not for the child, but for the mother. Mothers who slept in the same room as their infants, whether in the same bed or just the same room, had poorer sleep than mothers whose babies slept elsewhere in the house: They woke up more
frequently, were awake approximately 20 minutes longer per night, and had shorter periods of uninterrupted sleep. These results held true even taking into account that many of the women in the study were breast-feeding their babies. Infants, on the other hand, didn't appear to have worse sleep whether they slept in the same or different room from their mothers. The researchers acknowledge that since the families they studied were all middle-class Israelis, it's possible the results would be different in different cultures. Lead author Liat Tikotzky wrote in an email that the research team also didn't measure fathers' sleep, so it’s possible that their sleep patterns could also be causing the sleep disruptions for moms. Right now, to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers not sleep in the same beds as their babies, but sleep in the same room. The Israeli study suggests that doing so may be best for baby, but may take a toll on Mom.
9 What is the long-held view about mothers sleeping with newborn babies? 10 What do Israeli researchers' findings show?
11 What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend mothers do?
Passage Two
The US has already lost more than a third of the native languages that existed before European colonization and the remaining 192 are classed by the UNESCO as ranging between unsafe and extinct. \need more funding and more effort to return these languages to everyday use,\says Fred Nahwooksy of the National museum of the American Indian, \
相关推荐：
loading