Unit 2 language grammar学案
一、双基提要
It的用法
1人称用法
人称用法是指it可以用来代替一个名词、一个短语、一个从句或一个句子，以避免它们在句中的重复。这时它可以指提到过的，也可以指未提到过的，在句中作主语或宾语。 （1）指非生物、动植物和不明性别的婴儿。That is a new magazine. I bought it this morning. （2）指成员众多的集体
The acrobats performed for a large audience last night. It was very excited by the show. （3）指某一动作或事情 I like dancing,but she doesn't like it. 2指示用法
指示用法是指it用在句型“It is/was+表语”中，指明某人或某物的身份。这时它可以代替this或that，作用同this或that，指提到过的或未提到过的。 What's that? It's a computer. 3先行用法
（1）指代不定式。How long does it take to travel from Beijing to Shanghai.
（2）指代动词-ing形式。以 It's no use, It's no good等开头的句子常以-ing分词作真正主语。
It's no good crying over spilt milk. It's no use trying to persuade him. （3）指代名词性从句。 It is pity that you didn't see such a good film. 4无人称用法
（1）用于表示自然现象、时间、距离、环境等。 Is it cold in this room? No, it isn't. （2）用于以连系动词seem, appear, look, happen等作谓语，后接一个that从句的句中。
It seems that he is always correct. It appears that she is an experienced teacher. 5强调用法 强调it本身无词义。它用来强调句中放在表语位置的某个句子成分（谓语动词除外），其强调句型为：“It+is/was+被强调成 分（通常为主语、宾语、状语）+从句（由 that/who 引导）”。
名词性从句考点及热点问题
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为它是从句，因此具有句子的特点，有主、谓成份；同时又具有名词性特点，所以可以在句子中作主语、宾语、
表语或同位语。
1、引导词what与that的用法区别。
引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。例如（NMET’96）： ____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have. A. What; what
B. what; that C. That; that
D. That; what
(答案A )
That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved. 2、引导词whether和if的用法区别。
通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时，要用连词whether，不用if；习惯上也只能说whether or not，而不说if …or not。例如（MET92）： ____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever
B. If
C. Whether D. That
(答案为C)
3、名词性从句的语序。
与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用自然语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装（而在主句上倒装）。例如（MET91）: No one can be sure ____ in a million years. A. what man will look like C. man will look like what
B. what will man look like D. what look will man like
(答案为A)
4、Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别。
一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。例如（NMET97）：
It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants. A. however
B. whatever C. whichever
D. whenever
(答案为B)
5、Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。
Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。例如（NMET’99）： — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. — Is that ____ you had a few days off? A. why
B. when C. that
D. where
(答案为A）
6、同位语从句引导词where, when的用法特点。
说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。是比较：
Then arose the question ____ we were to get so much money. This the house ____ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago. A. where B. that C. about which D. in which
二、课堂反馈 （一）单项选择
1. Can you make sure ________ the gold ring?
A. where Alice had put C. where Alice has put
B. where had Alice put D. where has Alice put
(答案为A/D）
(答案为A）
2. You can’t imagine __________ when they received these nice Christmas gifts. A. how they were excited C. how excited were they
B. how excited they were D. they were how excited
3. Word has came __________ some American guests will come for a visit. A. what
B. that
C. whether
D. when
4. We all agree with him on __________ he said. A. what
B. that
C. why
D. how
5. The reason I plan to go is __________ if I don’t. A. what she will have a disappointment C. because she will be disappointed
B. that she will be disappointed D. on account of she will be disappointed
6. ______ she will come to Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever
B. If
C. Whether
D. That
7. Could you tell me ________ it snows in winter in Australia? A. if
B. whether
C. that
D. either A or B
8. What the doctors really doubt is _______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when
B. how
C. whether
D. if
9. These pictures are so special that I would do _______ I can to save them. A. whatever
B. that
C. which
D. whichever
10. ______ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that
B. Whoever C. Whom that
D. That who
11. I will give this dictionary to ________ wants to have it. A. whomever
B. whoever
C. whatever
D. wherever
12. I don’t know _________ he will go to the museum. A. when
B. where
C. if or not
D. what
13. Go and get your coat. It’s _________ you left it. A. there
B. where
C. there where
D. where there
14. No one can be sure _______ in a million years. A. what man will look like
C. man will look like what
B. what will man look like D. what look will man like
15. _______ Tom liked to eat was different from _______.
A. That; hat you had expected
B. What; that you had expected D. What; what you had expected
C. That; what you had expected
16. Tom‘s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ___________ didn’t help. A. he
B. which
C. she
D. it
17. Is ___________ necessary to tell his father everything? A. it
B. that
C. what
D. he
18. I don’t think ___________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this
B. that
C. its
D. it
19. Was it in this palace ___________ the last emperor died? A. that
B. in which
C. in where
D. which
20. It was Shanghai ___________ the Communist Party of China was founded. A. where
B. that
C. at which
D. that where
21 I agree _________ you _________ his latest work. It’s awful!(糟糕) A on; about
B to; with
C with; to
D with; about
22 The boy is very generous. He doesn’t care much _________ money. A for
B about
C with
D in
23 Is this the reason _________ she gave for her being late? A that
B why
C for with
D because
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